Use of Intermittent Preventive Treatment among Pregnant Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Malaria Indicator Surveys
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Countries Included in the Study
2.2. Survey Design and Objectives
2.3. Variables
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Regression Analysis on the Association between Educational Level and Wealth Status with the Uptake of IPTp-SP
4. Discussion and Policy Recommendation
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Received at Least 3 Doses of IPTp-SP in Last Pregnancy | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 18,603 | % | % | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | ||
Age Group (Mean = 28.76) | 0.061 | |||||
15–19 | 1372 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 6.2 | 7.8 | |
20–24 | 4184 | 22.5 | 22.1 | 20.8 | 23.5 | |
25–29 | 4829 | 26.0 | 25.7 | 24.4 | 27.2 | |
30–34 | 3919 | 21.1 | 21.3 | 20.0 | 22.7 | |
35–39 | 2697 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 13.5 | 15.7 | |
40–44 | 1208 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 7.8 | |
45–49 | 394 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.9 | |
Setting | <0.001 | |||||
Urban | 5271 | 28.3 | 30.6 | 27.6 | 33.7 | |
Rural | 13,332 | 71.7 | 69.4 | 66.3 | 72.4 | |
Religion | <0.001 | |||||
Islam | 8964 | 48.2 | 43.8 | 40.9 | 46.8 | |
Christian | 6082 | 32.7 | 32.0 | 29.6 | 34.5 | |
Other | 3557 | 19.1 | 24.2 | 21.3 | 27.3 | |
Education | <0.001 | |||||
No education | 8960 | 48.2 | 44.3 | 41.9 | 46.8 | |
Primary | 3895 | 20.9 | 22.4 | 20.9 | 24.1 | |
Secondary | 3676 | 19.8 | 25.4 | 23.5 | 27.4 | |
Higher | 2072 | 11.1 | 7.8 | 6.5 | 9.4 | |
Wealth index | <0.001 | |||||
Poorest | 4071 | 21.9 | 19.0 | 17.4 | 20.8 | |
Poorer | 3910 | 21.0 | 21.1 | 19.4 | 23.0 | |
Middle | 3850 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 19.1 | 22.3 | |
Richer | 3683 | 19.8 | 21.2 | 19.3 | 23.1 | |
Richest | 3089 | 16.6 | 18.1 | 15.9 | 20.4 | |
TV * | 0.05 | |||||
No | 15,013 | 80.7 | 22.4 | 20.3 | 24.7 | |
Yes | 3590 | 19.3 | 77.6 | 75.3 | 79.7 | |
Radio * | <0.001 | |||||
No | 10,008 | 53.8 | 45.6 | 43.3 | 48.0 | |
Yes | 8595 | 46.2 | 54.4 | 52.0 | 56.7 | |
Health worker * | <0.001 | |||||
No | 11,515 | 61.90 | 34.7 | 32.1 | 37.4 | |
Yes | 7088 | 38.11 | 65.3 | 62.6 | 67.9 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | OR | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | OR | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | |
Education (Nil) | |||||||||
Primary | 1.791 | 1.590 | 2.018 | 1.307 | 1.104 | 1.547 | |||
Secondary | 2.043 | 1.796 | 2.324 | 1.431 | 1.202 | 1.705 | |||
Higher | 2.374 | 2.086 | 2.701 | 1.658 | 1.401 | 1.962 | |||
Wealth index (Richest) | |||||||||
Poorest | 1.185 | 1.069 | 1.314 | 1.320 | 1.140 | 1.529 | |||
Poorer | 1.137 | 1.025 | 1.262 | 1.235 | 1.069 | 1.425 | |||
Middle | 1.085 | 0.977 | 1.205 | 1.210 | 1.054 | 1.388 | |||
Richer | 1.127 | 1.014 | 1.253 | 1.212 | 1.069 | 1.374 | |||
Nagelkerke R Square | 0.179 | 0.134 | 0.484 |
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Yaya, S.; Uthman, O.A.; Amouzou, A.; Bishwajit, G. Use of Intermittent Preventive Treatment among Pregnant Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Malaria Indicator Surveys. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2018, 3, 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3010018
Yaya S, Uthman OA, Amouzou A, Bishwajit G. Use of Intermittent Preventive Treatment among Pregnant Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Malaria Indicator Surveys. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2018; 3(1):18. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3010018
Chicago/Turabian StyleYaya, Sanni, Olalekan A. Uthman, Agbessi Amouzou, and Ghose Bishwajit. 2018. "Use of Intermittent Preventive Treatment among Pregnant Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Malaria Indicator Surveys" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 3, no. 1: 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3010018