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Article

Changes in Malaria Patterns in Comoros from 2010 to 2021: A Comparative Study with Sub-Saharan Africa

by
Sheng Zhou
1,2,†,
Linxin Yu
1,†,
Jianming Liang
1,
Wei Xie
3,
Guoming Li
1,
Changsheng Deng
1,
Jianping Song
1,
Guanyang Zou
2,* and
Yinhuan Chen
4,*
1
Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 501405, China
2
School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
3
Institute of Science and Technology Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510540, China
4
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 501405, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(5), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050138
Submission received: 14 April 2025 / Revised: 13 May 2025 / Accepted: 14 May 2025 / Published: 19 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Global Burden of Malaria and Control Strategies)
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Abstract

Background: Recent setbacks in malaria control in Comoros demand a reassessment of its evolving epidemiology. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 data, we analyzed malaria trends from 2010 to 2021, stratified by sex. We quantified the contributions of demographic and epidemiological factors to these trends and identified risk factors for malaria-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Results: From 2010 to 2021, malaria cases, deaths, and DALYs in Comoros fell by −90.22%, −94.44%, and −94.88%; and the corresponding age-standardized rates declined with EAPCs of −18.70% (95% CI: −33.77 to −0.20), −23.89% (95% CI: −36.58 to −8.66), and −24.49% (95% CI: −36.88 to −9.66), with steeper declines in males. Nevertheless, all indicators increased in 2018 and again in 2021. In sub-Saharan Africa, only cases increased, while other metrics declined slightly. In Comoros, incidence shifted mainly to adults ≥25 years, unlike sub-Saharan Africa, where children < 5 years were most affected. Population growth drove increases in cases, deaths and DALYs, whereas epidemiological shifts had the opposite effect. Child underweight was the leading risk factor for malaria DALYs. Conclusions: Existing interventions can achieve malaria control in Comoros; however, rebounds in 2018 and 2021 highlight the need to identify and address drivers of resurgence.
Keywords: malaria; Comoros; sub-Saharan Africa; trend analysis; estimated annual percent change (EAPC); decomposition analysis (DA); risk factors; COVID-19 malaria; Comoros; sub-Saharan Africa; trend analysis; estimated annual percent change (EAPC); decomposition analysis (DA); risk factors; COVID-19

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhou, S.; Yu, L.; Liang, J.; Xie, W.; Li, G.; Deng, C.; Song, J.; Zou, G.; Chen, Y. Changes in Malaria Patterns in Comoros from 2010 to 2021: A Comparative Study with Sub-Saharan Africa. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10, 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050138

AMA Style

Zhou S, Yu L, Liang J, Xie W, Li G, Deng C, Song J, Zou G, Chen Y. Changes in Malaria Patterns in Comoros from 2010 to 2021: A Comparative Study with Sub-Saharan Africa. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2025; 10(5):138. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050138

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhou, Sheng, Linxin Yu, Jianming Liang, Wei Xie, Guoming Li, Changsheng Deng, Jianping Song, Guanyang Zou, and Yinhuan Chen. 2025. "Changes in Malaria Patterns in Comoros from 2010 to 2021: A Comparative Study with Sub-Saharan Africa" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 10, no. 5: 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050138

APA Style

Zhou, S., Yu, L., Liang, J., Xie, W., Li, G., Deng, C., Song, J., Zou, G., & Chen, Y. (2025). Changes in Malaria Patterns in Comoros from 2010 to 2021: A Comparative Study with Sub-Saharan Africa. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 10(5), 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050138

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