Active Transportation Decision-Making against the Background of Air Quality Information Provision: Walking Route Preferences of German Residents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Availability of Green Space and Individuals’ Walking Preferences
1.2. Provision of Air Quality Information along Different Roads and Individuals’ Walking Preferences
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Individuals’ Walking Route Preferences
3.2. Mediating Effects of Psychological Distance
4. Discussion
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Information Provision about Air Quality along the Two Routes 1 | Information Provision of the General Range of Air Quality Levels 2 | Conditions of the 2 × 2 × 2 Design | Walking Preference Away from Traffic (%) 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Presence of Green Space | Presence of Traffic Light Color-Coding | Presence of WHO Interpretation | ||||
Control groups | ||||||
1 | N | N | N | N | N | 7.1 |
2 | N | N | Y | N | N | 38.5 |
3 | N | Y | Y | N | Y | 44.9 |
4 | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 51.1 |
Mean | 35.4 | |||||
Experimental groups | ||||||
5 | Y | Y | N | N | N | 50.0 |
6 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | 71.4 |
7 | Y | Y | N | Y | N | 60.0 |
8 | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | 55.6 |
9 | Y | Y | N | N | Y | 60.0 |
10 | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | 72.0 |
11 | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | 60.0 |
12 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 73.3 |
Mean | 62.8 |
Relationships 1 | B 2 | SE 3 | p/CI 4 |
---|---|---|---|
Direct effects on the mediator (spatial psychological distance) | |||
GSA | −0.12 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
TLC | −0.09 | 0.06 | 0.16 |
WHO | −0.12 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
GSA × TLC | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.02 |
GSA × WHO | −0.01 | 0.06 | 0.85 |
TLC × WHO | −0.02 | 0.06 | 0.80 |
GSA × TLC × WHO | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.28 |
Direct effects on dependent variable (preference for the low traffic density road) | |||
Spatial psychological distance | −0.27 | 0.09 | 0.004 |
GSA | 0.21 | 0.11 | 0.05 |
TLC | −0.05 | 0.11 | 0.63 |
WHO | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.25 |
GSA × TLC | −0.10 | 0.11 | 0.38 |
GSA × WHO | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.65 |
TLC × WHO | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.71 |
GSA × TLC × WHO | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.12 |
Indirect effects on the dependent variable (preference for the low traffic density road) | |||
Effect when no traffic light color-coding is provided | 0.0695 | 0.03 | 0.0170, 0.1595 |
Effect when traffic light color-coding is provided | −0.0037 | 0.02 | −0.0653, 0.0367 |
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Koenigstorfer, J. Active Transportation Decision-Making against the Background of Air Quality Information Provision: Walking Route Preferences of German Residents. Urban Sci. 2018, 2, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2010019
Koenigstorfer J. Active Transportation Decision-Making against the Background of Air Quality Information Provision: Walking Route Preferences of German Residents. Urban Science. 2018; 2(1):19. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2010019
Chicago/Turabian StyleKoenigstorfer, Joerg. 2018. "Active Transportation Decision-Making against the Background of Air Quality Information Provision: Walking Route Preferences of German Residents" Urban Science 2, no. 1: 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2010019