Incidence and Predictors of Soft Tissue Injuries during Basic Combat Training
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Physical Conditioning Program
2.3. Registration of Injuries
2.4. Statistical and Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Activity | Duration | Special Notes | Frequency |
---|---|---|---|
Stretching; shoulder, chest, groin, thigh, hamstring, calf | 10 min | 4 × 12 reps in ballistic form | Daily |
Intense running | 10 min | 70–80% of VO2max 1–3 km distance | |
Various forms of push-ups sit-ups as well as callisthenic exercises; inverted crawls, hops, high jumps, supine bicycles, lunges | 40 min | ||
Light lunch and rest | 60 min | ||
Hiking with pack and equipment | 60 min | 2–5 km distance | |
Lunch and sleep | 120 min | ||
Stretching; shoulder, chest, groin, thigh, hamstring, calf | 10 min | 4 × 12 reps in ballistic form | |
Low pace running | 20 min | 50–60% of VO2max 3–5 km distance | |
Military activities; prolonged standing in formation | 60 min | ||
Military activities; Non-tactical hikes; bayonet training, arms practice | 60 min | Once a week | |
Sprint/agility training and other occupational tasks | 20 min | 6–10 reps with 90 s rest |
Anatomical Site | Type | Severity | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Back/Trunk | 14.5% (11) | Lacerations | 23.6% (18) | Grade 1 | 57.8% (44) |
Shoulder/Arm | 2.5% (2) | Contusions | 15.7% (12) | Grade 2 | 21.0% (16) |
Forearm/Hand | 5.2% (4) | Abrasion/Blisters | 60.5% (46) | Grade 3 | 14.4% (11) |
Hip/Thigh | 7.8% (6) | Grade 4 | 6.5% (5) | ||
Knee | 11.8% (9) | ||||
Leg | 10.5% (8) | ||||
Ankle/Foot | 47.3% (36) | ||||
Week of BCT | Time loss | ||||
1st | 32.9% (25) | 0 days | 25.0% (19) | ||
2nd | 28.9% (22) | 1 day | 15.7% (12) | ||
3rd | 14.4% (11) | 2 days | 39.5% (30) | ||
4th | 5.2% (4) | 3 days | 13.1% (10) | ||
5th | 7.8% (6) | 4 days or more | 6.6% (5) | ||
6th | 7.8% (6) | ||||
7th | 2.5% (2) | ||||
Percentage and number of cadets in parentheses |
Variable | Non-Injured (n = 239) | Injured (n = 76) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | 76.7 ± 9.6 | 76.5 ± 9.8 | 0.887 |
Height (m) | 1.78 ± 0.08 | 1.77 ± 0.08 | 0.349 |
BMI (kg·m−2) | 24.3 ± 2.4 | 24.4 ± 2.4 | 0.831 |
BF (%) | 11.8 ± 4.5 | 12.0 ± 4.7 | 0.640 |
Nationality (Greek/Foreigners) | 196/43 | 68/8 | 0.124 |
Sex (Female/Male) | 219/20 | 68/8 | 0.355 |
Athlete (No/Yes) | 195/44 | 65/11 | 0.274 |
Variable | Normal-Weight (n = 212) | Over-Weight (n = 103) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | 72.6 ± 7.7 | 84.9 ± 7.8 | <0.001 |
Height (m) | 1.78 ± 0.08 | 1.78 ± 0.07 | 0.876 |
BMI (kg·m−2) | 23.1 ± 1.4 | 27.0 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
BF (%) | 10.0 ± 3.7 | 15.6 ± 3.8 | <0.001 |
Nationality (Greek/Foreigners) | 185/27 | 79/24 | 0.017 |
Injury (No/Yes) | 159/53 | 80/23 | 0.603 |
Sex (Female/Male) | 190/22 | 97/6 | 0.183 |
Athlete (No/Yes) | 170/42 | 90/13 | 0.115 |
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Nikolaidis, P.T.; Havenetidis, K. Incidence and Predictors of Soft Tissue Injuries during Basic Combat Training. Sci 2023, 5, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5020020
Nikolaidis PT, Havenetidis K. Incidence and Predictors of Soft Tissue Injuries during Basic Combat Training. Sci. 2023; 5(2):20. https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5020020
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolaidis, Pantelis T., and Konstantinos Havenetidis. 2023. "Incidence and Predictors of Soft Tissue Injuries during Basic Combat Training" Sci 5, no. 2: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5020020