Deficits in Face Recognition and Consequent Quality-of-Life Factors in Individuals with Cerebral Visual Impairment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Face Recognition Task
2.3. Glass Pattern Task
2.4. CVI Inventory
2.5. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Repeated Measures Adjusting for Age
3.2.1. Threshold
3.2.2. Proportion Correct
3.2.3. Response Time
3.3. Non-Repeated Measures Covarying for Age
3.3.1. Faces
Threshold
Proportion Correct
Response Time
3.3.2. Glass Pattern
Threshold
Proportion Correct
Response Time
3.4. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Dutton Inventory
Group Differences in SDQ and Dutton Outcomes Covarying for Age
3.5. Partial Correlations between Behavioral Tasks and the SDQ
4. Discussion
4.1. Face Recognition Task
4.2. Glass Pattern
4.3. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
4.4. Potential Impact of Age
4.5. Implications for CVI
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n CVI | CVI Mean (s.d.) | CVI Min | CVI Max | n Control | Control Mean | Control Min | Control Max | T/F Stat | p-Value | adj. p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 16 | 18.78 (6.51) | 8.56 | 30.36 | 25 | 20.99 (4.82) | 9.44 | 34.6 | −1.24 | 0.2209 | |
Sex | 15 female | 15 female | 0.026 | 0.87 | |||||||
Face Recognition Task | |||||||||||
Face threshold | 14 | 51.93 (45.36) | 11.02 | 148.77 | 22 | 16.70 (6.15) | 3.32 | 30.65 | 3.01 | 0.0002 | 0.0006 |
Face response time (ms) | 3078.50 (388.88) | 2593.90 | 3658.35 | 2744.70 (385.87) | 1945.05 | 3294.28 | 12.22 | 0.011 | 0.032 | ||
Face proportion correct | 0.56 (0.16) | 0.18 | 0.83 | 0.75 (0.08) | 0.63 | 0.88 | 38.14 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
Face n null | 3 (2.78) | 0 | 10 | 1.41 (1.14) | 0 | 3 | 2.1 | 0.051 | |||
Glass Pattern Task | |||||||||||
Glass threshold | 13 | 0.52 (0.20) | 0.29 | 1.00 | 25 | 0.45 (0.15) | 0.05 | 0.67 | 1.66 | 0.30 | 0.90 |
Glass response time (ms) | 2368.12 (646.56) | 1646.80 | 3836.05 | 2461.20 (523.95) | 1413.05 | 3310.25 | 0.05 | 0.65 | 1 | ||
Glass proportion correct | 0.5 (0.15) | 0.23 | 0.70 | 0.55 (0.11) | 0.38 | 0.78 | 3.06 | 0.26 | 0.79 | ||
Glass n null | 3.87 (4.52) | 0 | 18 | 3 (2.57) | 1 | 11 | 0.68 | 0.51 | |||
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire | |||||||||||
Emotional problems scale | 14 | 5.21 (2.42) | 2 | 10 | 21 | 3.14 (1.90) | 0 | 6 | 8.83 | 0.0056 | 0.045 |
Conduct problems scale | 1.86 (1.41) | 0 | 5 | 1.43 (1.08) | 0 | 4 | 1.5 | 0.23 | 1 | ||
Hyperactivity scale | 3.57 (2.38) | 0 | 8 | 3.24 (2.10) | 0 | 7 | 0.17 | 0.68 | 1 | ||
Peer problems scale | 3 (1.71) | 1 | 7 | 1.86 (1.31) | 0 | 6 | 4.4 | 0.044 | 0.35 | ||
Prosocial scale | 8 (1.96) | 5 | 10 | 8.71 (1.45) | 4 | 10 | 1.11 | 0.30 | 1 | ||
Total difficulties score | 13.64 (4.70) | 8 | 22 | 9.67 (4.62) | 2 | 19 | 6.38 | 0.017 | 0.13 | ||
Externalizing score | 5.43 (2.87) | 1 | 10 | 4.67 (2.74) | 1 | 11 | 0.72 | 0.40 | 1 | ||
Internalizing score | 8.21 (3.51) | 4 | 14 | 5 (2.35) | 1 | 8 | 10.7 | 0.0026 | 0.021 | ||
CVI Inventory | |||||||||||
Faces positive screen | 15 | 2 (1.41) | 0 | 4 | 21 | 0.19 (0.51) | 0 | 2 | 32.07 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Objects positive screen | 1.8 (1.26) | 0 | 4 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 46.67 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
The Five Questions positive screen | 3.73 (1.49) | 0 | 5 | 0.57 (0.87) | 0 | 3 | 65.93 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
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Bauer, C.M.; Manley, C.E.; Ravenscroft, J.; Cabral, H.; Dilks, D.D.; Bex, P.J. Deficits in Face Recognition and Consequent Quality-of-Life Factors in Individuals with Cerebral Visual Impairment. Vision 2023, 7, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7010009
Bauer CM, Manley CE, Ravenscroft J, Cabral H, Dilks DD, Bex PJ. Deficits in Face Recognition and Consequent Quality-of-Life Factors in Individuals with Cerebral Visual Impairment. Vision. 2023; 7(1):9. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7010009
Chicago/Turabian StyleBauer, Corinna M., Claire E. Manley, John Ravenscroft, Howard Cabral, Daniel D. Dilks, and Peter J. Bex. 2023. "Deficits in Face Recognition and Consequent Quality-of-Life Factors in Individuals with Cerebral Visual Impairment" Vision 7, no. 1: 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7010009