The Differential Contribution of Macular Pigments and Foveal Anatomy to the Perception of Maxwell’s Spot and Haidinger’s Brushes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Experiment 1: Horizontal Radius of MS and HB, Macular Pigment Density and OCT Morphometry
3.2. Experiment 2: Light Box Generation of MS
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Description | n | Min | Max | Mean | sd |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSr | Maxwell spot radius (°) | 49 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
HBr | Haidinger brush radius (°) | 48 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 1.6 | 0.7 |
MPVc | central macular pigment volume (arbitrary units) | 49 | 25 | 101 | 56.9 | 19.0 |
MPV1 | sum of macular pigment volume within 1° radius (arbitrary units) | 49 | 408 | 1629 | 918.9 | 331.0 |
MPV2 | sum of macular pigment volume within 2° radius (arbitrary units) | 49 | 846 | 3843 | 2172.1 | 823.7 |
MPV6 | sum of macular pigment volume within 6° radius (arbitrary units) | 49 | 1581 | 9500 | 5086.4 | 1983.9 |
MPr0.2 | radius at which MPOD = 0.2 (°) | 49 | 0.60 | 2.23 | 1.50 | 0.41 |
Ft | foveolar thickness (μm) | 49 | 199 | 272 | 229.9 | 15.1 |
Fr | foveolar radius (°) | 49 | 0.51 | 1.13 | 0.81 | 0.16 |
Ph | foveal pit height (μm) | 49 | 68 | 166 | 123.2 | 21.4 |
Pr | foveal pit radius (°) | 49 | 2.80 | 5.09 | 3.96 | 0.44 |
Spot Density Profile | Ring Density Profile | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | n | Min | Max | Mean | sd | n | Min | Max | Mean | sd | p | |
Maxwell spot radius | MSr | 24 | 0.2 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 23 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.020 * |
Haidinger brush radius | HBr | 23 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 23 | 1.1 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.004 * |
Macular pigment optical density | ||||||||||||
MPVc | 26 | 25 | 101 | 64.4 | 22.2 | 23 | 29 | 64 | 48.4 | 9.2 | 0.002 * | |
MPV1 | 26 | 408 | 1629 | 971.2 | 421.4 | 23 | 452 | 1142 | 859.7 | 174.3 | 0.225 | |
MPV2 | 26 | 846 | 3843 | 2165.4 | 1005.2 | 23 | 1116 | 3278 | 2179.8 | 576.4 | 0.951 | |
MPV6 | 26 | 1581 | 9500 | 5188.7 | 2359.3 | 23 | 2630 | 7143 | 4970.7 | 1495.2 | 0.698 | |
MPr0.2 | 26 | 0.60 | 2.23 | 1.43 | 0.48 | 23 | 0.77 | 2.10 | 1.57 | 0.32 | 0.229 | |
OCT morphometry | ||||||||||||
Foveolar thickness | Ft | 26 | 199 | 272 | 239.2 | 14.2 | 23 | 207 | 232 | 219.3 | 7.2 | <0.001 * |
Foveolar radius | Fr | 26 | 0.51 | 1.06 | 0.76 | 0.17 | 23 | 0.67 | 1.13 | 0.87 | 0.13 | 0.010 * |
Foveal pit height | Ph | 26 | 68 | 155 | 110.9 | 17.4 | 23 | 113 | 166 | 137.2 | 16.5 | <0.001 * |
Foveal pit radius | Pr | 26 | 3.38 | 4.72 | 3.87 | 0.35 | 23 | 2.80 | 5.09 | 4.06 | 0.51 | 0.126 |
Spot Perceptual Profile | Ring Perceptual Profile | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | n | Min | Max | Mean | sd | n | Min | Max | Mean | sd | p | |
Maxwell spot radius | MSr | 14 | 0.2 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 24 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.136 |
Haidinger brush radius | HBr | 14 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 25 | 0.6 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.039 * |
Macular pigment optical density | ||||||||||||
MPVc | 16 | 25 | 101 | 60.3 | 24.1 | 24 | 29 | 78 | 50.7 | 12.2 | 0.156 | |
MPV1 | 16 | 408 | 1620 | 897.5 | 445.8 | 24 | 629 | 1173 | 898.6 | 168.9 | 0.992 | |
MPV2 | 16 | 846 | 3843 | 2034.9 | 1082.1 | 24 | 1423 | 3278 | 2247.5 | 538.0 | 0.475 | |
MPV6 | 16 | 1581 | 8800 | 5028.5 | 2400.4 | 24 | 2630 | 7143 | 5089. 7 | 1438.1 | 0.928 | |
MPr0.2 | 16 | 0.60 | 2.15 | 1.36 | 0.52 | 24 | 1.25 | 2.10 | 1.61 | 0.27 | 0.091 | |
OCT morphometry | ||||||||||||
Foveolar thickness | Ft | 16 | 199 | 258 | 237.0 | 14.0 | 24 | 207 | 254 | 223.9 | 11.8 | 0.006 * |
Foveolar radius | Fr | 16 | 0.51 | 1.06 | 0.77 | 0.18 | 24 | 0.61 | 1.13 | 0.87 | 0.15 | 0.092 |
Foveal pit height | Ph | 16 | 87 | 134 | 109.6 | 12.8 | 24 | 94 | 166 | 133.3 | 18.3 | <0.001 * |
Foveal pit radius | Pr | 16 | 3.48 | 4.35 | 3.79 | 0.26 | 24 | 2.80 | 5.09 | 4.09 | 0.51 | 0.017 * |
MPOD Category | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Sum | ||
Chart category | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 16 | |
2 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 11 | |
3 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 13 | |
Sum | 0 | 18 | 16 | 7 | 41 |
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Misson, G.P.; Heitmar, R.; Armstrong, R.; Anderson, S.J. The Differential Contribution of Macular Pigments and Foveal Anatomy to the Perception of Maxwell’s Spot and Haidinger’s Brushes. Vision 2023, 7, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7010011
Misson GP, Heitmar R, Armstrong R, Anderson SJ. The Differential Contribution of Macular Pigments and Foveal Anatomy to the Perception of Maxwell’s Spot and Haidinger’s Brushes. Vision. 2023; 7(1):11. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7010011
Chicago/Turabian StyleMisson, Gary P., Rebekka Heitmar, Richard Armstrong, and Stephen J. Anderson. 2023. "The Differential Contribution of Macular Pigments and Foveal Anatomy to the Perception of Maxwell’s Spot and Haidinger’s Brushes" Vision 7, no. 1: 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7010011