Blood Flow Restriction during Walking Does Not Impact Body Composition or Performance Measures in Highly Trained Runners
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Subjects
2.3. Procedures
2.3.1. Body Composition Assessment
2.3.2. Sprint Test
2.3.3. Graded Exercise Test and Indirect Calorimetry
2.3.4. Walking Training and Blood Flow Restriction
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Body Composition
3.3. Anaerobic Performance
3.4. Aerobic Performance
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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BFRINT | BFR10 | CON10 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 11; F = 6 | n = 11; F = 5 | n = 11; F = 2 | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
General Descriptives | Age (yrs) | 30.73 | 11.17 | 33.55 | 10.27 | 33.82 | 11.17 | ||
Height (cm) | 174.57 | 13.12 | 169.76 | 8.60 | 178.57 | 8.98 | |||
Total Body Mass (kg) | PRE | 71.04 | 14.89 | 69.61 | 14.94 | 80.46 | 13.72 | ||
POST | 71.09 | 13.96 | 69.17 | 15.19 | 80.90 | 14.39 | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | PRE | 23.04 | 2.24 | 23.84 | 2.86 | 25.17 | 3.20 | ||
POST | 23.07 | 1.99 | 23.76 | 2.94 | 25.29 | 3.35 | |||
Body Composition | Lean Body Mass (kg) | PRE | 57.65 | 12.26 | 56.18 | 14.70 | 62.83 | 11.57 | |
POST | 57.44 | 11.66 | 55.62 | 14.19 | 63.66 | 12.64 | |||
Skeletal Muscle Mass (kg) | PRE | 32.43 | 7.45 | 31.58 | 8.79 | 35.62 | 7.13 | ||
POST | 32.34 | 7.16 | 31.34 | 8.60 | 36.08 | 7.77 | |||
Body Fat (%) | PRE | 18.66 | 7.80 | 20.62 | 7.01 | 21.76 | 8.10 | ||
POST | 19.09 | 7.23 | 20.42 | 7.62 | 21.31 | 7.85 | |||
Fat Mass (kg) | PRE | 13.39 | 6.86 | 13.43 | 4.59 | 17.63 | 7.09 | ||
POST | 13.64 | 6.37 | 13.56 | 5.30 | 17.23 | 6.53 | |||
Leg Lean Mass (kg) | PRE | 18.24 | 4.44 | 16.71 | 3.90 | 19.34 | 3.36 | ||
POST | 18.17 | 4.20 | 16.59 | 3.83 | 19.56 | 3.39 | |||
Skeletal Muscle Index (kg/m2) | PRE | 7.87 | 0.93 | 7.75 | 1.23 | 8.20 | 0.92 | ||
POST | 7.84 | 0.83 | 7.72 | 1.19 | 8.28 | 1.01 | |||
Anaerobic Performance | Sprint Speed (m/s) | PRE | 5.77 | 0.72 | 5.62 | 0.59 | 5.55 | 0.86 | |
POST | 5.71 | 0.79 | 5.55 | 0.51 | 5.56 | 0.90 | |||
40-yard Dash Time (s) | PRE | 14.38 | 1.83 | 14.71 | 1.61 | 15.07 | 2.26 | ||
POST | 14.59 | 2.06 | 14.86 | 1.42 | 15.01 | 2.16 | |||
Aerobic Performance | Absolute VO2 (L/min) | PRE | 3.32 | 0.70 | 3.42 | 1.22 | 3.78 | 0.76 | |
POST | 3.33 | 0.71 | 3.49 | 1.21 | 3.87 | 0.69 | |||
Relative VO2 (mL/kg/min) | PRE | 47.05 | 6.75 | 48.13 | 9.22 | 47.16 | 8.16 | ||
POST | 47.17 | 7.32 | 49.42 | 10.05 | 48.19 | 7.13 | |||
Time to Exhaustion (s) | PRE | 310.82 | 78.09 | 311.82 | 67.33 | 310.36 | 89.85 | ||
POST | 310.18 | 78.27 | 327.91 | 69.14 | 334.00 | 93.59 | |||
V-Slope Threshold (%) | PRE | 70.91 | 9.53 | 65.91 | 10.06 | 72.18 | 3.03 | ||
POST | 74.55 | 10.75 | 65.91 | 14.92 | 73.18 | 7.81 | |||
VO2 at VT (L/min) | PRE | 2.37 | 0.56 | 2.33 | 0.94 | 2.76 | 0.50 | ||
POST | 2.57 * | 0.66 | 2.53 * | 0.93 | 2.91 * | 0.46 | |||
VO2MAX Test Terminal Effort | Speed (mph) | Pre & Post | 6.53 | 1.30 | 6.67 | 0.81 | 6.61 | 0.84 | |
Incline (%) | PRE | 10.72 | 2.72 | 10.82 | 2.40 | 10.54 | 3.24 | ||
POST | 11.27 * | 2.72 | 12.27 * | 2.53 | 11.27 * | 3.13 | |||
Heart Rate (bpm) | PRE | 187.36 | 8.16 | 180.45 | 10.88 | 184.36 | 10.62 | ||
POST | 186.09 | 7.83 | 182.73 | 9.96 | 185.27 | 9.06 | |||
Rating of Perceived Exertion | PRE | 19.0 | 1.10 | 18.81 | 1.17 | 19.55 | 0.69 | ||
POST | 19.0 | 1.18 | 19.64 | 0.67 | 19.0 | 1.18 | |||
Respiratory Exchange Ratio | PRE | 1.11 | 0.07 | 1.09 | 0.07 | 1.11 | 0.05 | ||
POST | 1.13 * | 0.08 | 1.13 * | 0.06 | 1.13 * | 0.04 | |||
Training Session RPE | (Range) | 5.0 ± 1.0 | (4–6) | 4.0 ± 2.3 | (4–6) | 2.0 ± 1.2 | (1–4) |
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Herda, A.A.; Cleary, C.J.; Young, D.; Rogers, K.B.; Umana Segura, S.E.; Bernard, C.; Vopat, L.M.; Vopat, B.G. Blood Flow Restriction during Walking Does Not Impact Body Composition or Performance Measures in Highly Trained Runners. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020074
Herda AA, Cleary CJ, Young D, Rogers KB, Umana Segura SE, Bernard C, Vopat LM, Vopat BG. Blood Flow Restriction during Walking Does Not Impact Body Composition or Performance Measures in Highly Trained Runners. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2024; 9(2):74. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020074
Chicago/Turabian StyleHerda, Ashley A., Christopher J. Cleary, Dana Young, KathleenMae B. Rogers, Santiago E. Umana Segura, Christopher Bernard, Lisa M. Vopat, and Bryan G. Vopat. 2024. "Blood Flow Restriction during Walking Does Not Impact Body Composition or Performance Measures in Highly Trained Runners" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 2: 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020074