Effect of Overnight Fasted Exercise on Weight Loss and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Evaluation of Articles
4. Statistical Analysis
5. Results
5.1. Description of Studies
5.2. Effect on Body Mass and Composition
5.3. Risk of Bias
6. Discussion
7. Practical Applications
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Group | Sex: M (%) | Age (Year) | Training Status | Exercise Prescription | Duration (wk) | Frequency (d/wk) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
De Bock et al. [18] | Fasted (n = 10) | 100 | 21.2 ± 0.4 | Trained | Cycling: 60–120 min @ 75% 70-VO2 peak (supervised) | 6 | 3 |
Fed (n = 10) | 100 | 21.2 ± 0.4 | Trained | ||||
Gillen et al. [19] | Fasted (n = 8) | 0 | 27.0 ± 9.0 | Untrained | Cycling: 10 × 60 s efforts @ 90% HRmax with 60 s recovery (supervised) | 6 | 3 |
Fed (n = 8) | 0 | 27.0 ± 7.0 | Untrained | ||||
Schoenfeld et al. [20] | Fasted (n = 10) | 0 | 23.8 ± 3.0 | Trained | Treadmill: 60 min @ 70% MHR (supervised) | 4 | 3 |
Fed (n = 10) | 0 | 21.0 ± 1.7 | Trained | ||||
Van Proeyen et al. [21] | Fasted (n = 10) | 100 | 21.2 ± 1.0 | Trained | Cycling: 2/wk = 60 min & 2/wk = 90 min. Cycling performed @ 70–75% VO2 max and running @ 85% VO2 max (supervised) | 6 | 4 |
Fed (n = 10) | 100 | 21.2 ± 1.0 | Trained | ||||
Van Proeyen et al. [22] | Fasted (n = 10) | 100 | 23.0 ± 1.1 | Trained | Cycling: 2/wk = 60 min & 2/wk = 90 min performed @ ~70-VO2 max (supervised) | 6 | 4 |
Fed (n = 10) | 100 | 22.1 ± 0.9 | Trained |
Study | Fasted Exercise | Fed Exercise | Between Groups | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Pre-Training | Post-Training | Hedges’ g | 95% CI | n | Pre-Training | Post-Training | Hedges’ g | 95% CI | Hedges’ g | 95% CI | p | |
Body Mass (Males) | |||||||||||||
De Bock et al. [18] | 10 | 74.3 ± 2.8 | 74.2 ± 3.0 | −0.03 (0.29) | −0.60 to 0.54 | 10 | 75.3 ± 3.0 | 75.5 ± 2.9 | 0.06 (0.29) | −0.51 to 0.63 | 0.10 (0.43) | −0.74 to 0.94 | 0.82 |
Van Proeyen et al. [21] | 10 | 73.3 ± 9.8 | 74.1 ± 8.8 | 0.08 (0.29) | −0.49 to 0.65 | 10 | 70.2 ± 11.4 | 71.6 ± 10.7 | 0.12 (0.29) | −0.45 to 0.69 | 0.06 (0.43) | −0.78 to 0.90 | 0.89 |
Van Proeyen et al. [22] | 10 | 76.0 ± 4.6 | 75.8 ± 4.3 | −0.04 (0.33) | −0.61 to 0.53 | 10 | 77.6 ± 3.7 | 76.9 ± 3.4 | −0.18 (0.29) | −0.75 to 0.39 | −0.12 (0.43) | −0.96 to 0.72 | 0.77 |
Mean Effect | - | - | - | 0.01 (0.17) | −0.33 to 0.33 | - | - | 0.01 (0.17) | −0.33 to 0.33 | 0.02 (0.20) | −0.36 to 0.41 | 0.90 | |
Body Mass (Females) | |||||||||||||
Gillen et al. [19] | 8 | 79.0 ± 15.0 | 79.0 ± 15.0 | 0.01 (0.31) | −0.62 to 0.62 | 8 | 77.0 ± 12.0 | 77.0 ± 13.0 | 0.01 (0.31) | −0.62 to 0.62 | 0 (0.47) | −0.93 to 0.93 | 1.00 |
Schoenfeld et al. [20] | 10 | 62.4 ± 7.8 | 60.8 ± 7.8 | −0.19 (0.29) | −0.76 to 0.39 | 10 | 62.0 ± 5.5 | 61.0 ± 5.7 | −0.16 (0.30) | −0.73 to 0.41 | 0.08 (0.43) | −0.76 to 0.92 | 0.84 |
Mean Effect | - | - | - | −0.10 (0.21) | −0.52 to 0.32 | - | - | −0.09 (0.21) | −0.51 to 0.33 | 0.05 (0.32) | −0.58 to 0.67 | 0.88 | |
Body Mass (Combined) | |||||||||||||
Mean Effect | - | - | - | −0.04 (0.13) | −0.30 to 0.22 | - | - | −0.03 (0.13) | −0.29 to 0.23 | 0.02 (0.20) | −0.36 to 0.41 | 0.90 | |
% Body Fat (Females) | |||||||||||||
Gillen et al. [19] | 8 | 42.3 ± 8.1 | 41.6 ± 7.8 | −0.08 (0.32) | −0.70 to 0.54 | 8 | 40.9 ± 5.8 | 40.1 ± 5.4 | −0.13 (0.32) | −0.75 to 0.49 | 0.01 (0.47) | −0.91 to 0.94 | 0.98 |
Schoenfeld et al. [20] | 10 | 26.3 ± 7.9 | 25.0 ± 7.7 | −0.15 (0.29) | −0.72 to 0.42 | 10 | 24.8 ± 8.4 | 24.1 ± 8.5 | −0.08 (0.29) | −0.64 to 0.49 | 0.07 (0.43) | −0.77 to 0.91 | 0.87 |
Mean Effect | - | - | - | −0.12 (0.21) | −0.54 to 0.30 | - | - | −0.10 (0.21) | −0.52 to 0.32 | 0.05 (0.32) | −0.58 to 0.67 | 0.89 | |
Lean Mass (Females) | |||||||||||||
Gillen et al. [19] | 8 | 42.8 ± 5.5 | 43.3 ± 5.5 | 0.08 (0.32) | −0.54 to 0.70 | 8 | 43.5 ± 8.2 | 44.1 ± 7.8 | 0.07 (0.32) | −0.55 to 0.68 | 0.01 (0.47) | −0.91 to 0.94 | 0.98 |
Schoenfeld et al. [20] | 10 | 45.9 ± 6.7 | 45.4 ± 6.1 | −0.07 (0.29) | −0.64 to 0.50 | 10 | 46.3 ± 3.8 | 46.1 ± 4.3 | −0.05 (0.29) | −0.61 to 0.52 | 0.05 (0.43) | −0.79 to 0.89 | 0.90 |
Mean Effect | - | - | - | 0.01 (0.21) | −0.42 to 0.42 | - | - | - | 0.01 (0.21) | −0.41 to 0.42 | 0.04 (0.32) | −0.59 to 0.66 | 0.91 |
Study | Random Sequence Generation (Selection Bias) | Allocation Concealment (Selection Bias) | Blinding Participants and Personnel (Performance Bias) | Blinding of Outcome Assessment (Detection Bias) | Incomplete Outcome Data (Attrition Bias) | Selective Reporting (Reporting Bias) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
De Bock et al. [18] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Gillen et al. [19] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Schoenfeld et al. [20] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Van Proeyen et al. [21] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Van Proeyen et al. [22] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk |
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Hackett, D.; Hagstrom, A.D. Effect of Overnight Fasted Exercise on Weight Loss and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2017, 2, 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk2040043
Hackett D, Hagstrom AD. Effect of Overnight Fasted Exercise on Weight Loss and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2017; 2(4):43. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk2040043
Chicago/Turabian StyleHackett, Daniel, and Amanda D. Hagstrom. 2017. "Effect of Overnight Fasted Exercise on Weight Loss and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2, no. 4: 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk2040043
APA StyleHackett, D., & Hagstrom, A. D. (2017). Effect of Overnight Fasted Exercise on Weight Loss and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 2(4), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk2040043