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Article

Comparison of Arch Index Derived from Optical Pedography and Barometric Platform in Children: A Method Agreement Study

by
Miloslav Gajdoš
1,2,*,
Jakub Čuj
1,
Katarína Hnatová
1,
Wioletta Mikuľáková
1 and
Lucia Demjanovič Kendrová
1
1
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Care, University of Prešov in Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
2
Rehabilitation and Podiatry Clinic Fyziopoint, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2026, 11(2), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020228
Submission received: 28 April 2026 / Revised: 29 May 2026 / Accepted: 3 June 2026 / Published: 3 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gait Analysis and Lower Limb Movement Mechanics)
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Abstract

Objectives: The Arch Index (AI) is commonly used to assess medial longitudinal arch morphology; however, values obtained using different measurement technologies may not be interchangeable. This study aimed to compare AI values derived from optical pedography and a barometric platform during bilateral static stance assessment in children and to evaluate their agreement. Methods: Thirty-eight healthy children aged 5–10 years underwent standardized bilateral static foot assessment. AI was calculated using identical segmentation and formula for both systems. Paired t-tests, Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland–Altman analysis were used to assess agreement between methods. Results: Optical pedography produced significantly higher AI values than barometric assessment for both the left (0.284 ± 0.055 vs. 0.188 ± 0.092) and right foot (0.286 ± 0.048 vs. 0.169 ± 0.072; p < 0.001). Agreement between methods was moderate (ICC = 0.494–0.581), with wide limits of agreement. Inter-method differences increased with age. Conclusions: AI values obtained from optical pedography and barometric platforms are not interchangeable in children. Consistent use of a single measurement technology is recommended in pediatric assessment to avoid misinterpretation of developmental changes.
Keywords: arch index; plantar pressure; pedobarography; optical pedography; method comparison; Bland–Altman analysis; pediatric foot arch index; plantar pressure; pedobarography; optical pedography; method comparison; Bland–Altman analysis; pediatric foot
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MDPI and ACS Style

Gajdoš, M.; Čuj, J.; Hnatová, K.; Mikuľáková, W.; Kendrová, L.D. Comparison of Arch Index Derived from Optical Pedography and Barometric Platform in Children: A Method Agreement Study. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2026, 11, 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020228

AMA Style

Gajdoš M, Čuj J, Hnatová K, Mikuľáková W, Kendrová LD. Comparison of Arch Index Derived from Optical Pedography and Barometric Platform in Children: A Method Agreement Study. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2026; 11(2):228. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020228

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gajdoš, Miloslav, Jakub Čuj, Katarína Hnatová, Wioletta Mikuľáková, and Lucia Demjanovič Kendrová. 2026. "Comparison of Arch Index Derived from Optical Pedography and Barometric Platform in Children: A Method Agreement Study" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 11, no. 2: 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020228

APA Style

Gajdoš, M., Čuj, J., Hnatová, K., Mikuľáková, W., & Kendrová, L. D. (2026). Comparison of Arch Index Derived from Optical Pedography and Barometric Platform in Children: A Method Agreement Study. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 11(2), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020228

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