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Volume 11
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10.3390/jfmk11020228
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Comparison of Arch Index Derived from Optical Pedography and Barometric Platform in Children: A Method Agreement Study

by
Miloslav Gajdoš
1,2,*,
Jakub Čuj
1,
Katarína Hnatová
1,
Wioletta Mikuľáková
1 and
Lucia Demjanovič Kendrová
1
1
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Care, University of Prešov in Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
2
Rehabilitation and Podiatry Clinic Fyziopoint, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2026, 11(2), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020228
Submission received: 28 April 2026 / Revised: 29 May 2026 / Accepted: 3 June 2026 / Published: 3 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gait Analysis and Lower Limb Movement Mechanics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Objectives: The Arch Index (AI) is commonly used to assess medial longitudinal arch morphology; however, values obtained using different measurement technologies may not be interchangeable. This study aimed to compare AI values derived from optical pedography and a barometric platform during bilateral static stance assessment in children and to evaluate their agreement. Methods: Thirty-eight healthy children aged 5–10 years underwent standardized bilateral static foot assessment. AI was calculated using identical segmentation and formula for both systems. Paired t-tests, Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland–Altman analysis were used to assess agreement between methods. Results: Optical pedography produced significantly higher AI values than barometric assessment for both the left (0.284 ± 0.055 vs. 0.188 ± 0.092) and right foot (0.286 ± 0.048 vs. 0.169 ± 0.072; p < 0.001). Agreement between methods was moderate (ICC = 0.494–0.581), with wide limits of agreement. Inter-method differences increased with age. Conclusions: AI values obtained from optical pedography and barometric platforms are not interchangeable in children. Consistent use of a single measurement technology is recommended in pediatric assessment to avoid misinterpretation of developmental changes.
Keywords: arch index; plantar pressure; pedobarography; optical pedography; method comparison; Bland–Altman analysis; pediatric foot arch index; plantar pressure; pedobarography; optical pedography; method comparison; Bland–Altman analysis; pediatric foot

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gajdoš, M.; Čuj, J.; Hnatová, K.; Mikuľáková, W.; Kendrová, L.D. Comparison of Arch Index Derived from Optical Pedography and Barometric Platform in Children: A Method Agreement Study. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2026, 11, 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020228

AMA Style

Gajdoš M, Čuj J, Hnatová K, Mikuľáková W, Kendrová LD. Comparison of Arch Index Derived from Optical Pedography and Barometric Platform in Children: A Method Agreement Study. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2026; 11(2):228. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020228

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gajdoš, Miloslav, Jakub Čuj, Katarína Hnatová, Wioletta Mikuľáková, and Lucia Demjanovič Kendrová. 2026. "Comparison of Arch Index Derived from Optical Pedography and Barometric Platform in Children: A Method Agreement Study" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 11, no. 2: 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020228

APA Style

Gajdoš, M., Čuj, J., Hnatová, K., Mikuľáková, W., & Kendrová, L. D. (2026). Comparison of Arch Index Derived from Optical Pedography and Barometric Platform in Children: A Method Agreement Study. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 11(2), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020228

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