Effects of Autologous Tenocyte Injection for Overuse and Degenerative Tendinopathies: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Protocol Design
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Study Selection
2.4. Data Extraction
2.5. Outcomes
2.6. Quality Assesment
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Characteristics of the Studies Included in the Review
3.3. Intervention Protocol
3.4. Side Effects
3.5. Outcome Measures Assessed
3.6. Pain
3.7. Function
3.8. MRI
3.9. Other Outcomes
3.10. Study Limitations
3.11. Study Quality
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PUBMED: |
(autologous tenocyte injection OR autologous tenocyte implant) AND (tendon OR tendinopathy) AND treatment |
SCOPUS: |
(TITLE-ABS ((autologous tenocyte injection OR autologous tenocyte implant) AND (tendon OR tendinopathy) AND treatment) |
WEB OF SCIENCE: |
(autologous tenocyte injection OR autologous tenocyte implant) AND (tendon OR tendinopathy) AND treatment |
Article | Nation | Population | Intervention | Outcomes | Results |
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Wang et al., 2013 [69] | Australia | n = 1; Age: 20; Diagnosis: Increased tendon size associated with a partial-thickness supraspinatus rim-rent tear with fluid signal; Symptom duration: 3 y | Tenocytes were obtained from the patient’s patellar tendon. Three weeks later, 2 mL of tenocyte suspension was administered under ultrasound guidance. | At 10 months: VAS pain, Oxford Shoulder Score, and QuickDASH with sports module). At four and ten months post-ATI, control with 3 Tesla MRIs. | At 4 and 10 months, the athlete reported no pain, and the partial-thickness rim-rent tear had healed, becoming undetectable. |
Wang et al., 2013 [70] | Australia | n = 20 (11M/9F); Age: 49.4 ± 7.69, range, 37–63; Diagnosis: refractory lateral epicondylitis; Symptom duration: ≥6 months | Patients received a single injection of autologous tenocytes at the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon under ultrasound guidance and local anesthetic. | VAS for pain, quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH), and grip strength measurements before and after ATI at one, two, three, six, and twelve months. At 12 months, these were also evaluated via MRI. | ATI treatment resulted in significant improvements across pain, function, strength, and MRI findings within 12 months: |
Wang et al., 2015 [71] | Australia | n = 16 (9M/7F); Age: 47.76 ± 1.79 years, range, 37–63 years; Diagnosis: chronic lateral epicondylitis; Symptom duration: 29.24 ± 14.26 (6–240) mo; Follow-up duration: 4.06 ± 0.33 (0.5–5) y. | 2 mL of autologous tenocytes was injected into the extensor carpi radialis brevis under ultrasound guidance. | QuickDASH, UEFS, VAS, and dynamometer. Patient satisfaction was evaluated on a scale of 0 to 10 at final follow-up. The MRI assessment was performed at T0 and after twelve months. | ATI treatment demonstrated significant improvements in pain, function, strength, and MRI findings, with high patient satisfaction. |
Bucher et al., 2017 [64] | Australia | n = 12 (0M/12F); Age: mean 52.6 y (range, 41–67 y); Diagnosis: symptomatic gluteal tendinopathy; Symptom duration: 33 m (range, 6–144 m). | Single tenocyte injection was injected into the tendinopathic area, under ultrasound guidance. | OHS, VAS, SF-36, and patient satisfaction (evaluated on a scale of 0 to 7). All outcomes were evaluated at T0 and after three, six, twelve, and twenty-four months. | Autologous tenocyte injection resulted in significant clinical improvements in pain, function, and physical health over 12–24 months but did not show significant changes in tendon features on MRI. |
Schwab et al., 2018 [62] | Australia | n = 1 (M); Age: 28 y; Diagnosis: anterior/lateral shoulder pain surrounding the deltoid tubercle; Symptom duration: 2 months | Three 1 mL vials containin g a total of 5 × 106 tenocytes were injected into the subscapularis tendon under ultrasound guidance. | MRI images after seven and eighteen months | An MRI showed a marked decrease in tear size and an improvement in tendon morphology. Futhermore, athletes returned to complete training. |
Wang, 2013 [69] | Schwab, 2018 [62] | |
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Were patient’s demographic characteristics clearly described? | Y | Y |
Was the patient’s history clearly described and presented as a timeline? | U | Y |
Was the current clinical condition of the patient on presentation clearly described? | Y | Y |
Were diagnostic tests or assessment methods and the results clearly described? | Y | Y |
Was the intervention(s) or treatment procedure(s) clearly described? | Y | Y |
Was the post-intervention clinical condition clearly described? | Y | Y |
Were adverse events (harms) or unanticipated events identified and described? | N | N |
Does the case report provide takeaway lessons? | Y | Y |
Inclusion? | Y | Y |
Wang, 2013 [69] | Wang, 2015 [71] | Bucher, 2017 [64] | |
---|---|---|---|
Were there clear criteria for inclusion in the case series? | Y | Y | Y |
Was the condition measured in a standard, reliable way for all participants included in the case series? | Y | Y | Y |
Were valid methods used for identification of the condition for all participants included in the case series? | Y | Y | Y |
Did the case series have consecutive inclusion of participants? | N | N | Y |
Did the case series have complete inclusion of participants? | U | U | Y |
Was there clear reporting of the demographics of the participants in the study? | Y | Y | N |
Was there clear reporting of clinical information of the participants? | U | U | U |
Were the outcomes or follow-up results of cases clearly reported? | Y | Y | Y |
Was there clear reporting of the presenting site(s)/clinic(s) demographic information? | Y | Y | Y |
Was statistical analysis appropriate? | Y | Y | Y |
Inclusion? | Y | Y | Y |
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Demeco, A.; de Sire, A.; Salerno, A.; Marotta, N.; Comuni, B.; Gabbi, M.; Lippi, L.; Invernizzi, M.; Ammendolia, A.; Costantino, C. Effects of Autologous Tenocyte Injection for Overuse and Degenerative Tendinopathies: A Systematic Review. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10, 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10010095
Demeco A, de Sire A, Salerno A, Marotta N, Comuni B, Gabbi M, Lippi L, Invernizzi M, Ammendolia A, Costantino C. Effects of Autologous Tenocyte Injection for Overuse and Degenerative Tendinopathies: A Systematic Review. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2025; 10(1):95. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10010095
Chicago/Turabian StyleDemeco, Andrea, Alessandro de Sire, Antonello Salerno, Nicola Marotta, Beatrice Comuni, Matteo Gabbi, Lorenzo Lippi, Marco Invernizzi, Antonio Ammendolia, and Cosimo Costantino. 2025. "Effects of Autologous Tenocyte Injection for Overuse and Degenerative Tendinopathies: A Systematic Review" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 10, no. 1: 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10010095
APA StyleDemeco, A., de Sire, A., Salerno, A., Marotta, N., Comuni, B., Gabbi, M., Lippi, L., Invernizzi, M., Ammendolia, A., & Costantino, C. (2025). Effects of Autologous Tenocyte Injection for Overuse and Degenerative Tendinopathies: A Systematic Review. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 10(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10010095