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Volume 11
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Article

Phylogeographic Pattern and Genetic Structure of the Cyprinid Fish Microphysogobio kachekensis (Oshima 1926) in Mainland China and Hainan Island Based on Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA

by
Jin-Quan Yang
1,
Jiabo Chen
2,
Junjie Wang
2,
Tian-Qi Zhou
1,
Yuh-Wen Chiu
3,
Hung-Du Lin
4 and
Wen-Sheng Ou
5,*
1
Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2
Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
3
Department of Biological Resources, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
4
The Affiliated School of National Tainan First Senior High School, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
5
Department of Landscape Architecture, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fishes 2026, 11(2), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11020122
Submission received: 11 January 2026 / Revised: 13 February 2026 / Accepted: 14 February 2026 / Published: 19 February 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Taxonomy, Evolution, and Biogeography)
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Abstract

South China’s freshwater biodiversity has been shaped by Quaternary climatic oscillations and persistent geological barriers. We investigated the phylogeography and conservation implications of the primary freshwater fish Microphysogobio kachekensis across mainland China and Hainan Island using mitochondrial (cyt b and control region) and nuclear (RAG2 and rpS7-1) markers from 200 individuals. Mitochondrial analyses recovered two major lineages and multiple sublineages largely structured by drainage basins, whereas nuclear data resolved four geographically concordant lineages. Population differentiation was strong (high FST), and SAMOVA/AMOVA supported major barriers restricting gene flow, including the Qiongzhou Strait, Gulf of Tonkin, Yunkai Mountains, and Nanling Mountains. Ancestral-area reconstruction inferred the Pearl River region as the most likely source area, followed by dispersal to northern Hainan and subsequent expansion to southern Hainan and the Red River, with additional northward expansion to the Zhejiang–Fujian region. Despite high haplotype diversity, within-population nucleotide diversity was low, consistent with long-term river isolation and complex demographic history. We propose six ESUs and four MUs for evolutionarily informed conservation and to guide stock enhancement in southern China.
Keywords: DIY-ABC; Hainan Peninsular; Microphysogobio kachekensis; phylogeography DIY-ABC; Hainan Peninsular; Microphysogobio kachekensis; phylogeography

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, J.-Q.; Chen, J.; Wang, J.; Zhou, T.-Q.; Chiu, Y.-W.; Lin, H.-D.; Ou, W.-S. Phylogeographic Pattern and Genetic Structure of the Cyprinid Fish Microphysogobio kachekensis (Oshima 1926) in Mainland China and Hainan Island Based on Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA. Fishes 2026, 11, 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11020122

AMA Style

Yang J-Q, Chen J, Wang J, Zhou T-Q, Chiu Y-W, Lin H-D, Ou W-S. Phylogeographic Pattern and Genetic Structure of the Cyprinid Fish Microphysogobio kachekensis (Oshima 1926) in Mainland China and Hainan Island Based on Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA. Fishes. 2026; 11(2):122. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11020122

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Jin-Quan, Jiabo Chen, Junjie Wang, Tian-Qi Zhou, Yuh-Wen Chiu, Hung-Du Lin, and Wen-Sheng Ou. 2026. "Phylogeographic Pattern and Genetic Structure of the Cyprinid Fish Microphysogobio kachekensis (Oshima 1926) in Mainland China and Hainan Island Based on Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA" Fishes 11, no. 2: 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11020122

APA Style

Yang, J.-Q., Chen, J., Wang, J., Zhou, T.-Q., Chiu, Y.-W., Lin, H.-D., & Ou, W.-S. (2026). Phylogeographic Pattern and Genetic Structure of the Cyprinid Fish Microphysogobio kachekensis (Oshima 1926) in Mainland China and Hainan Island Based on Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA. Fishes, 11(2), 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11020122

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