Diet of the Common Eagle Ray, Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Northern Adriatic Sea
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Biometrical Features
3.2. Overall Diet
3.3. Diet Related to Sex and Size
4. Discussion
4.1. Feeding Habits
4.2. Ontogenetic Shift in the Diet
4.3. Comparison with Other Studies
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TAXA | N% | W% | %FO | IRI% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mollusca | |||||
Bivalvia | |||||
Corbula gibba | 0.17 | 0.14 | 1.64 | 0.01 | |
Laevicardium oblongum | 0.17 | 0.70 | 1.64 | 0.02 | |
Bivalvia indeterminata | 52.00 | 42.22 | 66.39 | 85.85 | |
Gastropoda | |||||
Gastropoda indet. | 1.48 | 1.68 | 5.74 | 0.25 | |
Aporrhais pes pelecani | 0.78 | 0.46 | 5.74 | 0.10 | |
Cerithium vulgatum | 11.37 | 16.99 | 16.39 | 6.38 | |
Gibbula sp. | 0.69 | 0.61 | 3.28 | 0.06 | |
Turritella communis | 8.51 | 3.45 | 6.56 | 1.08 | |
Cephalopoda | |||||
Cephalopoda indet. | 0.52 | 0.76 | 4.10 | 0.07 | |
Mollusca indet. | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.82 | 0.00 | |
Sipunculida | |||||
Sipunculida indet. | 0.87 | 0.10 | 2.46 | 0.03 | |
Sipunculus nudus | 0.17 | 1.14 | 1.64 | 0.03 | |
Aspidosiphon muelleri | 4.51 | 0.51 | 11.48 | 0.79 | |
Polychaeta | |||||
Eunicidae | 0.43 | 0.04 | 0.82 | 0.01 | |
Polychaeta indet. | 2.60 | 1.06 | 16.39 | 0.82 | |
Crustacea | |||||
Ostracoda | |||||
Ostracoda indet. | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.82 | 0.00 | |
Decapoda | |||||
Anomura indet. | 1.56 | 3.81 | 7.38 | 0.54 | |
Diogenes pugilator | 0.17 | 0.03 | 1.64 | 0.00 | |
Paguristes eremita | 2.08 | 7.78 | 7.38 | 1.00 | |
Paguridae | 1.48 | 3.12 | 4.10 | 0.26 | |
Decapoda—Natantia | 1.30 | 0.01 | 9.02 | 0.16 | |
Processa sp. | 1.65 | 1.03 | 4.92 | 0.18 | |
Decapoda Brachyura | 0.26 | 0.71 | 2.46 | 0.03 | |
Thia scutellata | 0.43 | 2.75 | 1.64 | 0.07 | |
Crustacea indet. | 0.26 | 0.53 | 2.46 | 0.03 | |
Amphipoda | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.82 | 0.00 | |
Amphipoda indet. | |||||
Echinodermata | |||||
Holothurioidea indet. | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.82 | 0.00 | |
Labidoplax digitata | 4.60 | 1.49 | 15.57 | 1.30 | |
Invertebrata indet. | |||||
Invertebrata indet. | 0.87 | 0.35 | 5.74 | 0.10 | |
Teleostei | |||||
Teleostei indet. | 0.69 | 8.46 | 6.56 | 0.82 |
Overall | Juv | Adults | Males | Females | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
average number of prey | 9.44 | 10.69 | 7.31 | 9.31 | 10.03 |
average prey weight (g) | 1.22 | 1.18 | 1.37 | 1.14 | 1.46 |
average meal size (g) | 11.56 | 12.58 | 10.01 | 10.59 | 14.6 |
Shannon–Wiener index | 1.49 | 1.95 | 1.44 | 1.7 | 1.97 |
Average Predator weight (kg) | 1.32 | 0.95 | 1.97 | 1.32 | 1.38 |
prey W/predator weight (%) | 2.59 | 2.83 | 2.16 | 2.28 | 3.51 |
TROPH index | 3.21 ± 0.40 | 3.23 ± 0.43 | 3.17 ± 0.24 | 3.20 ± 0.39 | 3.25 ± 0.44 |
Morisita/Horn index | 0.88 | 0.86 |
Area | Sea of Marmara | Azores | Croatian Adriatic | Saros Bay | Tunisian Coasts | Northern Adriatic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source | [22] | [60] | [20] | [23] | [19] | this work |
Anthozoa | 0.51 | |||||
Nemertina | 1.16 | 0 | ||||
Bivalvia | 14.43 | 33.00 | 44.42 | 52.34 | ||
Gastropoda | 85.70 | 30.33 | 65.86 | 17.20 | 22.83 | |
Scaphopoda | 46.28 | 3.99 | 0.00 | |||
Cephalopoda | 0.81 | 1.22 | 0.77 | |||
Mollusca indet. | 13.88 | |||||
Stomatopoda | 0.00 | 2.82 | ||||
Decapoda | 3.98 | 14.30 | 9.73 | 9.76 | 11.17 | 8.95 |
Polychaeta | 14.95 | 4.69 | 6.10 | 6.42 | 3.04 | |
Sipuncula | 15.76 | 0.77 | 5.56 | |||
Echinodermata | 0.00 | 1.28 | 4.69 | |||
Ascidiacea | 0.00 | 1.28 | ||||
Pisces | 5.66 | 0.60 | 9.76 | 13.86 | 0.69 | |
other | 7.32 | 1.91 | ||||
sum | 100.00 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
number of specimens | 15 | 10 | 165 | 85 | 523 | 122 |
empty stomachs | 6 | 1 | 24 | 9 |
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Lipej, L.; Battistella, R.; Mavrič, B.; Ivajnšič, D. Diet of the Common Eagle Ray, Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Fishes 2025, 10, 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10070311
Lipej L, Battistella R, Mavrič B, Ivajnšič D. Diet of the Common Eagle Ray, Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Fishes. 2025; 10(7):311. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10070311
Chicago/Turabian StyleLipej, Lovrenc, Riccardo Battistella, Borut Mavrič, and Danijel Ivajnšič. 2025. "Diet of the Common Eagle Ray, Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Northern Adriatic Sea" Fishes 10, no. 7: 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10070311
APA StyleLipej, L., Battistella, R., Mavrič, B., & Ivajnšič, D. (2025). Diet of the Common Eagle Ray, Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Fishes, 10(7), 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10070311