Lipids and Fatty Acids of the White Sea Herring Clupea pallasi marisalbi Berg (Clupeiformes, Clupeidae) from Different Habitats of the White Sea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
3.1. Total Lipids and Their Classes
3.2. Membrane Lipids
3.3. Fatty Acids
4. Materials and Methods
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling Place | Dvina Bay | Kandalaksha Bay | Tersky Shore | Onega Bay | MANOVA | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | |||||||||||
Number of fish | 20 | 21 | 15 | 25 | p | % | F | ||||
Fish length, cm | 11.9 ± 0.17 2,3,4 (10.5–13.0) | 12.4 ± 0.13 1,3,4 (11.0–13.5) | 11.2 ± 0.22 1,2,4 (9.0–12.5) | 9.98 ± 0.39 1,2,3 (8.0–15.0) | |||||||
% dry weight | |||||||||||
TL | 34.5 ± 0.6 2,4 | 41.7 ± 1.4 1,3,4 | 34.7 ± 0.8 2,4 | 31.8 ± 0.8 1,2,3 | 0.7623 | 0.0001 | 12.1 | 19.5 | 0.75 | 8.50 | |
PLs | 19.1 ± 1.3 4 | 18.4 ± 1.0 4 | 17.2 ± 0.8 4 | 14.3 ± 0.7 1,2,3 | 0.5593 | 0.1608 | 21.4 | 5.9 | 0.93 | 1.78 | |
TAGs | 14.1 ± 1.2 2 | 19.4 ± 0.9 1,3,4 | 12.2 ± 1.0 2,4 | 15.5 ± 0.9 2,3 | 0.3771 | 0.0076 | 22.0 | 12.6 | 1.10 | 4.39 | |
EfCHOLs | 0.4 ± 0.1 2,3 | 0.7 ± 0.1 1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.3845 | 0.0301 | 26.1 | 10.9 | 1.09 | 3.20 | |
CHOL | 0.9 ± 0.1 2,3,4 | 3.2 ± 0.3 1,3,4 | 4.5 ± 0.9 1,4 | 1.5 ± 0.1 1,2,3 | 0.9976 | 0.0000 | 6.3 | 30.1 | 0.31 | 10.57 | |
CHOL/PLs | 0.05 ± 0.01 2,3,4 | 0.19 ± 0.03 1,4 | 0.29 ± 0.08 1,4 | 0.11 ± 0.01 1,2,3 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Sampling Place/Parameter | Dvina Bay | Kandalaksha Bay | Tersky Shore | Onega Bay |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Fish | 20 | 21 | 15 | 25 |
PLs | 19.1 ± 1.3 4 | 18.4 ± 1.0 4 | 17.2 ± 0.8 4 | 14.3 ± 0.7 1,2,3 |
PI | 0.52 ± 0.08 | 0.68 ± 0.05 3,4 | 0.38 ± 0.04 2 | 0.43 ± 0.03 2 |
PS | 0.80 ± 0.15 | 0.79 ± 0.10 4 | 0.64 ± 0.07 | 0.54 ± 0.04 2 |
PEA | 0.59 ± 0.11 | 0.82 ± 0.07 | 0.85 ± 0.10 | 0.62 ± 0.12 |
PC | 16.06 ± 1.07 2,3,4 | 13.39 ± 0.78 1,4 | 12.93 ± 0.84 1,4 | 10.11 ± 0.55 1,2,3 |
LysoPC | 0.55 ± 0.12 2,3,4 | 1.44 ± 0.13 1,3 | 0.25 ± 0.02 1,2,4 | 1.28 ± 0.14 1,3 |
SFM | 0.15 ± 0.05 2,3,4 | 0.54 ± 0.08 1,4 | 0.95 ± 0.23 1 | 0.95 ± 0.12 1,2 |
Unidentified | 0.39 ± 0.10 3 | 0.75 ± 0.18 4 | 1.20 ± 0.25 1,4 | 0.41 ± 0.06 2,3 |
Fatty Acids/Sampling Place | Dvina Bay | Kandalaksha Bay | Tersky Shore | Onega Bay |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Fish | 20 | 21 | 15 | 25 |
14:0 | 10.53 ± 0.35 2,4 | 12.40 ± 0.28 1,3,4 | 11.01 ± 0.20 2,4 | 8.80 ± 0.43 1,2,3 |
16:0 | 21.66 ± 0.47 3 | 21.40 ± 0.35 3 | 20.43 ± 0.23 1,2,4 | 22.26 ± 0.62 3 |
17:0 | 0.47 ± 0.06 3,4 | 0.37 ± 0.06 4 | 0.31 ± 0.01 1,4 | 0.90 ± 0.02 1,2,3 |
18:0 | 2.25 ± 0.06 2,4 | 1.66 ± 0.07 1,3,4 | 2.10 ± 0.01 2,4 | 3.21 ± 0.17 1,2,3 |
ƩSFA | 37.12 ± 0.80 | 37.23 ± 0.66 3 | 35.23 ± 0.33 2 | 37.26 ± 0.81 |
16:1(n-9) | 0.73 ± 0.06 | 0.40 ± 0.04 3,4 | 0.68 ± 0.02 2 | 0.74 ± 0.10 2 |
16:1(n-7) | 11.31 ± 0.29 4 | 11.45 ± 0.22 4 | 11.11 ± 0.23 4 | 7.73 ± 0.24 1,2,3 |
17:1(n-7) | 0.35 ± 0.04 4 | 0.34 ± 0.04 4 | 0.40 ± 0.03 4 | 0.59 ± 0.03 1,2,3 |
18:1(n-9) | 19.80 ± 0.35 | 20.14 ± 0.33 3,4 | 18.86 ± 0.25 2 | 18.40 ± 0.73 2 |
18:1(n-7) | 4.05 ± 0.28 2,4 | 3.19 ± 0.26 1 | 3.62 ± 0.06 | 3.39 ± 0.10 1 |
18:1(n-5) | 0.82 ± 0.05 2,3,4 | 1.09 ± 0.05 1,4 | 1.07 ± 0.05 1,4 | 0.69 ± 0.03 1,2,3 |
20:1(n-11) | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.06 | 0.58 ± 0.24 |
20:1(n-9) | 1.46 ± 0.12 2,3 | 2.10 ± 0.21 1 | 2.50 ± 0.22 1 | 1.93 ± 0.56 |
22:1(n-9) | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.37 ± 0.02 | 0.79 ± 0.42 |
22:1(n-7) | 0.23 ± 0.01 3,4 | 0.21 ± 0.01 4 | 0.20 ± 0.01 1,4 | 0.43 ± 0.03 1,2,3 |
24:1(n-9) | 0.22 ± 0.08 4 | 0.27 ± 0.08 3,4 | 0.04 ± 0.00 2,4 | 1.18 ± 0.04 1,2,3 |
ƩMUFA | 41.40 ± 0.75 | 42.06 ± 0.51 | 41.77 ± 0.49 | 38.81 ± 1.57 |
16:3(n-6) | 0.35 ± 0.03 2,4 | 0.21 ± 0.03 1,3,4 | 0.37 ± 0.01 2,4 | 0.01 ± 0.00 1,2,3 |
18:2(n-6) | 1.31 ± 0.05 3,4 | 1.21 ± 0.02 3,4 | 1.50 ± 0.06 1,2,4 | 1.06 ± 0.05 1,2,3 |
18:3(n-6) | 0.15 ± 0.01 2,3 | 0.11 ± 0.01 1,3,4 | 0.09 ± 0.01 1,2,4 | 0.15 ± 0.01 2,3 |
20:4(n-6) | 0.28 ± 0.02 3 | 0.30 ± 0.01 3 | 0.37 ± 0.01 1,2,4 | 0.29 ± 0.02 3 |
Ʃ(n-6) PUFA | 3.52 ± 0.16 2,4 | 2.70 ± 0.07 1,3 | 3.50 ± 0.11 2,4 | 2.58 ± 0.09 1,3 |
18:3(n-3) | 0.76 ± 0.06 2 | 0.92 ± 0.03 1,3 | 0.74 ± 0.03 2,4 | 0.93 ± 0.07 3 |
20:5(n-3) | 6.51 ± 0.52 | 6.61 ± 0.31 | 6.78 ± 0.38 | 7.38 ± 0.47 |
22:6(n-3) | 5.25 ± 0.45 3,4 | 5.11 ± 0.27 3,4 | 6.53 ± 0.18 1,2 | 7.01 ± 0.65 1,2 |
Ʃ(n-3) PUFA | 15.12 ± 1.15 4 | 15.84 ± 0.68 4 | 17.06 ± 0.49 | 19.19 ± 1.35 1,2 |
ƩPUFA | 21.48 ± 1.38 | 20.71 ± 0.74 3 | 23.0 ± 0.50 2 | 23.92 ± 1.48 |
(n-3)/(n-6) | 4.29 ± 0.02 2,4 | 5.86 ± 0.01 1,3,4 | 4.87 ± 0.01 2,4 | 7.44 ± 0.01 1,2,3 |
18:3(n-3)/18:2(n-6) | 0.58 ± 0.04 2,4 | 0.76 ± 0.02 1,3,4 | 0.50 ± 0.02 2,4 | 0.89 ± 0.05 1,2,3 |
16:0/18:1(n-9) | 1.10 ± 0.31 4 | 1.07 ± 0.27 4 | 1.08 ± 0.32 4 | 1.24 ± 0.05 1,2,3 |
Characteristic/Sampling | Dvina Bay | Kandalaksha Bay | Tarsky Shore | Onega Bay |
---|---|---|---|---|
Coordinates | 64°57′ 38°23′ | 67°02′ 32°23′ | 66°10′ 37°03′ | 64°59′ 36°37′ |
Depth, m | 50.0 | 25.0 | 38.0 | 38.0 |
Water temperature, °С | 6.5 | 2.9 | 5.9 | 6.7 |
Salinity, ‰ | 26.5 | 27.1 | 27.0 | 26.4 |
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Murzina, S.A.; Nefedova, Z.A.; Pekkoeva, S.N.; Ruokolainen, T.R.; Ripatti, P.O.; Semushin, A.V.; Nemova, N.N. Lipids and Fatty Acids of the White Sea Herring Clupea pallasi marisalbi Berg (Clupeiformes, Clupeidae) from Different Habitats of the White Sea. Fishes 2016, 1, 65-76. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes1010065
Murzina SA, Nefedova ZA, Pekkoeva SN, Ruokolainen TR, Ripatti PO, Semushin AV, Nemova NN. Lipids and Fatty Acids of the White Sea Herring Clupea pallasi marisalbi Berg (Clupeiformes, Clupeidae) from Different Habitats of the White Sea. Fishes. 2016; 1(1):65-76. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes1010065
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurzina, Svetlana A., Zinaida A. Nefedova, Svetlana N. Pekkoeva, Tatiana R. Ruokolainen, Pauli O. Ripatti, Andrey V. Semushin, and Nina N. Nemova. 2016. "Lipids and Fatty Acids of the White Sea Herring Clupea pallasi marisalbi Berg (Clupeiformes, Clupeidae) from Different Habitats of the White Sea" Fishes 1, no. 1: 65-76. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes1010065