IgE-Binding Epitopes of Pis v 1, Pis v 2 and Pis v 3, the Pistachio (Pistacia vera) Seed Allergens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Human Sera
2.2. Analytical Methods
2.3. Immunoblotting
2.4. Peptide Synthesis and IgE-Binding Epitope Mapping
2.5. Bioinformatics
3. Results
3.1. The Pistachio Allergens
3.2. Pis v 1 and Closely Related 2S Albumins
3.3. Pis v 3 and Closely Related 7S Globulins (Vicilins)
3.4. Pis v 2 and Closely Related 11S Globulins (Legumins)
3.5. Structural Similarities Observed among the Tree Nut Epitopic Regions
3.6. Predicted Resistance of IgE-Binding Epitopic Regions to Proteolysis
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations of Allergens
Act c 12 | Actinidia chinensis (kiwi) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Ana o 1 | Anacardium occidentale (cashew) 7S globulin/vicilin allergen |
Ana o 2 | Anacardium occidentale (cashew) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Ana o 3 | Anacardium occidentale (cashew) 2S albumin allergen |
Ara d 2/6 | Arachis duranensis (peanut) 2S albumin allergens |
Ara h 1 | Arachis hypogaea (peanut) 7S globulin/vicilin allergen |
Ara h 2/6/7 | Arachis hypogaea (peanut) 2S albumin allergens |
Ara h 3 | Arachis hypogaea (peanut) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Ara i 2/6 | Arachis ipaensis (peanut) allergens |
Ave s 11S | Avena sativa (oat) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Ber e 1 | Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut) 2S albumin allergen |
Ber e 2 | Bertholletia excels (Brazil nut) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Bra j 1 | Brassica juncea (brown mustard) 2S albumin allergen |
Bra n 1 | Brassica napus (rapeseed) 2S albumin allergen |
Bra r 1 | Brassica rapa (turnip) 2S albumin allergen |
Car i 1 | Carya illinoinensis (Pecan nut) 2S albumin allergen |
Car i 2 | Carya illinoinensis (Pecan nut) 7S globulin/vicilin allergen |
Car i 4 | Carya illinoinensis (Pecan nut) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Cic a 1 | Cicer arietinum (chickpea) 2S albumin allergen |
Cic a 6 | Cicer arietinum (chickpea) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Coc c 1 | Cocos nucifera (coconut) 7S globulin/vicilin allergen |
Coc n 4 | Cocos nucifera (coconut) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Cor a 14 | Corylys avellana (hazelnut) 2S albumin allergen |
Cor a 11 | Corylus avellana (hazelnut) 7S globulin/vicilin allergen |
Cor a 9 | Corylus avellana (hazelnut) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Cuc ma 5 | Cucubita maxima (squach) 2S albumin allergen |
Cuc ma 4 | Cucurbita maxima (squach) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Fag e 2 | Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat) 2S albumin allergen |
Fag t 1 | Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Fag t 2 | Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat) 2S albumin allergen |
Gly m 8 | Glycine max (soybean) 2S albumin allergen |
Gly m 5 | Glycine max (soybean) 7S globulin/vicilin allergen |
Gly m 6 | Glycine max (soybean) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Gly m Bd 28K | Glycine max (soybean) 7S globulin/vicilin allergen |
Gos h Vic | Gossypium hirsutum (cottonseed) 7S globulin/vicilin allergen |
Hel a 2S | Helianthus annuus (sunflower) 2S albumin allergen |
Jug n 1 | Juglans nigra (black walnut) 2S albumin allergen |
Jug n 2 | Juglans nigra (black walnut) 7S globulin/vicilin allergen |
Jug n 4 | Juglans nigra (black walnut) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Jug r 1 | Juglans regia (walnut) 2S albumin allergen |
Jug r 2/6 | Juglans regia (walnut) 7S globulin/vicilin allergens |
Jug r 4 | Juglans regia (walnut) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Jug r 4 | Juglans regia (walnut) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Lup a δC | Lupinus albus (white lupine) delta-conglutin (2S albumin) allergen |
Lup an δ1 | Lupinus angustifolius (narrowleaf lupine) conglutin delta-1 (2S albumin) allergen |
Lup a 1 | Lupinus albus (white lupine) conglutin beta (7S globulin/vicilin) allergen |
Lup an 1 | Lupinus angustifolius (narrowleaf lupine) conglutin beta (7S globulin/vicilin) allergen |
Lup a αC | Lupinus albus (white lupine) conglutin alpha (11S globulin/legumin) allergen |
Lup an αC | Lupinus angustifolius (narrowleaf lupine) conglutin alpha (11S globulin/legumin) allergen |
phaseolin | Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) 7S globulin/vicilin allergen |
Pin k 2 | Pinus koraiensis (Korean pine) 2S albumin allergen |
Pis s 1/2 | Pisum sativum (pea) 7S globulin/vicilin allergens |
Pis v 1 | Pistacia vera (pistachio) 2S albumin allergen |
Pis v 3 | Pistacia vera (pistachio) 7S globulin/vicilin allergen |
Pis v 2/5 | Pistacia vera (pistachio) 11S globulin/legumin allergens |
Pru du 6 | Prunus dulcis (almond) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Ric c 1/3 | Ricinus communis (Castor bean) 2S albumin allergens |
Ses i 1/2 | Sesamum indicum (sesame) 2S albumin allergens |
Ses i 3 | Sesamum indicum (sesame) 7S globulin/vicilin allergen |
Ses i 6/7 | Sesamum indicum (sesame) 11S globulin/legumin allergens |
Sin a 1 | Sinapis alba (mustard) 2S albumin allergen |
Sin a 2 | Sinapis alba (mustard) 11S globulin/legumin allergen |
Zea m γ1 | Zea mays (maize) glutelin gamma (7S globulin/vicilin) allergen |
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Subjects | Sex/Age (Years) | ** Pistachio Specific IgE (KU/L) | *** Cashew Specific IgE (KU/L) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | * M/14 | >100 | 83.8 |
2 | M/5 | 2.20 | 1.35 |
3 | M/8 | 0.36 | 0.25 |
4 | M/4 | 0.17 | 0.45 |
5 | M/9 | 1.65 | 1.51 |
6 | M/16 | 0.47 | 0.10 |
7 | *F/7 | 5.69 | 3.92 |
8 | F/8 | 2.54 | 1.44 |
9 | M/4 | 2.46 | 1.20 |
Subjects | Sex/Age (Years) | * Sesame Specific Ige (KU/L) |
---|---|---|
1 | M/6 | 0.10 |
2 | M/16 | 0.26 |
3 | F/10 | 0.74 |
4 | M/10 | 0.26 |
5 | M/5 | 1.53 |
6 | M/10 | 1.85 |
7 | M/10 | 14.2 |
8 | F/6 | 46.3 |
9 | F/9 | 84.4 |
Models | 3D Structures from the PDb Used as Templates | Number of Models Built by Homology Modelling | Residues out of the Allowed Areas in the Ramachandran Plot | * Residues with Values over the Threshold in ANOLEA Plot | QMEAN Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pis v 1 | 2D2S, 2LVF, 3OB4, 5DOM, 5U87 | 5 | 0 | 20 over 122 residues | −1.19 |
Pis v 2 | 2E9Q, 3QAC, 3FZ3, 5WPW, 5WXU | 19 | 3:S201(A),D249(A),D249(B) | 27 over 440 residues | −1.78 |
Pis v 3 | 4LEJ, 5CAD, 5E1R, 5VF5, 5YJS | 9 | 2:K334(B),F502(C) | 23 over 405 residues | −0.21 |
Ana o 3 | 1HSS, 1W2Q, 2DS2, 3OB4 | 5 | 0 | 20 over 114 residues | −1.55 |
Ses i 3 | 4LEJ, 5CAD, 5E1R, 5VF5, 5YJS | 10 | 0 | 21 over 406 residues | −0.39 |
Ses i 6 | 2E9Q, 3ZF3, 5WPW, 5WXU | 25 | 3:Q121(A),R234(C),S248(C) | 29 over 438 residues | −1.08 |
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Barre, A.; Nguyen, C.; Granier, C.; Benoist, H.; Rougé, P. IgE-Binding Epitopes of Pis v 1, Pis v 2 and Pis v 3, the Pistachio (Pistacia vera) Seed Allergens. Allergies 2021, 1, 63-91. https://doi.org/10.3390/allergies1010006
Barre A, Nguyen C, Granier C, Benoist H, Rougé P. IgE-Binding Epitopes of Pis v 1, Pis v 2 and Pis v 3, the Pistachio (Pistacia vera) Seed Allergens. Allergies. 2021; 1(1):63-91. https://doi.org/10.3390/allergies1010006
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarre, Annick, Christophe Nguyen, Claude Granier, Hervé Benoist, and Pierre Rougé. 2021. "IgE-Binding Epitopes of Pis v 1, Pis v 2 and Pis v 3, the Pistachio (Pistacia vera) Seed Allergens" Allergies 1, no. 1: 63-91. https://doi.org/10.3390/allergies1010006