Impact of War Trauma on Interpersonal Mistrust among Syrian Refugees in Germany and Their Interpersonal Trust in Germans
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Theoretical Background
4. Methodology
5. Findings
5.1. Syrian Refugees Being Exposed to Traumatic Experiences
“From January 2013 on, the city was exposed to shelling. On 12 January 2013, a military plane bombed the building where our home was. All inhabitants died, including my parents; I was the only survivor. Then the area was sieged by the regime and its allies. For three years: no electricity, no clean water, we ate animals’ food […] When there was shelling, the ambulance cars went to bring wounded or dead people from under the rubble, I saw the cars pass in front of me, carrying wounded and dead people”.
“It does not leave me. Even now, I feel panic at the noise of a plane, or even if someone sharply closes a door. There is a panic; there are psychological issues. I always have nightmares. I dream that I return there under the shelling. I have lost my appetite; I have lost more than ten kilos of my weight”.(Interview three)
“[…] My dad died in front of us (members of his family) because of a strange smell that came out of a rocket that hit the house of our neighbour […] I feel the most afraid of this feeling, maybe my mom dies before I can meet her again”.(Interview eight)
“I go to school, half of the information I understand and half I cannot. And when I return home and try to study […] no more than half an hour, then I throw the book because I cannot concentrate”.(Interview five)
“It was the first time in my life that I saw dead people, three young people. I saw them dead; they were my neighbours. […] perhaps the travel to Europe made me 20 years older. How we reached Europe, only God knows. This makes that one cannot concentrate, especially when I hear that something bad happened in Lebanon, where my family still is living. I cannot study on those days”.(Interview 14)
5.2. Interpersonal Mistrust among Syrian Refugees
“I do not trust anyone, even my father. The bad circumstances that we had made me doubt even in myself; because of loneliness; because of depression. All souls have badly changed; even members of the same family have badly changed. Here in Germany, no one acts against you like the sons of your country. You must be careful about everyone and everything”(Interview five)
“It is well known that Syrian people cheat each other, just like what they are doing here in Germany […] If we were good, it wouldn’t happen in Syria what is happening now”.(Interview 19)
“Every person wants his interests; you cannot trust anyone. From my experience, I was exposed to many stories that made me mistrust people”.(Interview two)
“People lie, you cannot trust anyone, and if you do trust someone, then he gets angry with you, he will uncover your secrets”.(Interview 13)
“After what I saw during the Syrian revolution and that people can be changed by money, and every person has his own interests, I cannot trust people”.(Interview 14)
“I don’t trust anyone; even your best friend will cheat you […]”(Interview 20)
“Currently, I do not trust people. I trusted guys two years ago, for insignificant reasons, they told everything about me”.(Interview six)
5.3. Syrian Refugees’ Interpersonal Trust in Germans
“[…] I noticed that Islam is here in Germany”.
“Through their honesty when they deal with you, their commitment to deadlines. I did not find that in Arab countries, but I found it here in Germany. In general, I do not know many Germans, but I trust Germans more than Arabs”.(Interview 18)
“Through my experience, and I have German friends, so far, I haven’t seen anything bad from Germans. But Arabs, and through my experience with them, I saw a lot of bad things. Let me say that my confidence in Germans is greater. Unfortunately, this is the fact; if you tell your secret to an Arabic person, he will use it against you one day. Unfortunately, we have problems with backbiting and gossip”.(Interview seven)
“I trust Germans more because they were brought up in a legal environment, and they know the consequences of breaking the law. For example, the refugee, even if he knows the consequences, might underestimate them. I mean, it is possible for a refugee to attack me and disappear, and then nothing happens. But if a German wants to assault a person, he knows what the consequences are. Another thing, I feel that there are many common ideas between Germans and me, unfortunately not with my countrymen. Ideas such as democracy, respect for the other opinion even if it is offensive to you”.(Interview four)
“The good thing about Germans is that they don’t lie. When a German person says something, his words are true, not false. But you know, we lie a lot”.(Interview 13)
“The thing that influences me negatively is that, where I live, all people are Arab. So, I want to go to the job centre and ask them to send me into an area where there is no Arabic person. I need people who can help me in this country, so I can stand again on my feet. The key to this country is the language. If you don’t have it, you don’t own anything in this country. Without it, you will live on the margins of life, and in my whole life, this never happened to me”.(Interview ten)
“I wasn’t exposed to any problem with Germans; the situation is the opposite of that. In a room in the library, we come and sit with German people, and we talk transparently. They are very kind and accept our situation as refugees in Germany. They help us in solving many problems. There is an organisation for helping refugees, and they have an attorney, and every person can come and speak his problems, and they will help him”.(Interview eight)
5.4. Importance of Trust and Trust Building among Refugees
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
8. Limitation
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Al Ajlan, A. Impact of War Trauma on Interpersonal Mistrust among Syrian Refugees in Germany and Their Interpersonal Trust in Germans. Genealogy 2023, 7, 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7020033
Al Ajlan A. Impact of War Trauma on Interpersonal Mistrust among Syrian Refugees in Germany and Their Interpersonal Trust in Germans. Genealogy. 2023; 7(2):33. https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7020033
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl Ajlan, Ahmad. 2023. "Impact of War Trauma on Interpersonal Mistrust among Syrian Refugees in Germany and Their Interpersonal Trust in Germans" Genealogy 7, no. 2: 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7020033