Evaluation of the Weighted Mean X-ray Energy for an Imaging System Via Propagation-Based Phase-Contrast Imaging
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Measurement Setup at GSI
2.2. Measurement Setup at DLS
2.3. Propagation-Based Phase-Contrast
2.4. Computer Simulation
2.5. Energy Evaluation for GSI Data
3. Results
3.1. Evaluation of the Dominant X-ray Energy
3.2. Validation of the Evaluated Dominant X-ray Energy
3.3. Validation of the Evaluation Method with Monochromatic Images
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Le Pape, S.; Neumayer, P.; Fortmann, C.; Döppner, T.; Davis, P.; Kritcher, A.; Landen, O.; Glenzer, S. X-ray radiography and scattering diagnosis of dense shock-compressed matter. Phys. Plasmas 2010, 17, 056309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Hochhaus, D.C.; Aurand, B.; Basko, M.; Ecker, B.; Kühl, T.; Ma, T.; Rosmej, F.; Zielbauer, B.; Neumayer, P. X-ray radiographic expansion measurements of isochorically heated thin wire targets. Phys. Plasmas 2013, 20, 062703. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Schwoerer, H.; Gibbon, P.; Düsterer, S.; Behrens, R.; Ziener, C.; Reich, C.; Sauerbrey, R. MeV X Rays and Photoneutrons from Femtosecond Laser-Produced Plasmas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 86, 2317–2320. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed][Green Version]
- Momose, A. Demonstration of phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography using an X-ray interferometer. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip. 1995, 352, 622–628. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Momose, A. Recent Advances in X-ray Phase Imaging. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2005, 44, 6355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pfeiffer, F.; Weitkamp, T.; Bunk, O.; David, C. Phase retrieval and differential phase-contrast imaging with low-brilliance X-ray sources. Nat. Phys. 2006, 2, 258–261. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Willner, M.; Herzen, J.; Grandl, S.; Auweter, S.; Mayr, D.; Hipp, A.; Chabior, M.; Sarapata, A.; Achterhold, K.; Zanette, I.; et al. Quantitative breast tissue characterization using grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging. Phys. Med. Biol. 2014, 59, 1557–1571. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Myers, G.R.; Mayo, S.C.; Gureyev, T.E.; Paganin, D.M.; Wilkins, S.W. Polychromatic cone-beam phase-contrast tomography. Phys. Rev. A 2007, 76, 045804. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wilkins, S.; Gureyev, T.E.; Gao, D.; Pogany, A.; Stevenson, A. Phase-contrast imaging using polychromatic hard X-rays. Nature 1996, 384, 335. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Snigirev, A.; Snigireva, I.; Kohn, V.; Kuznetsov, S.; Schelokov, I. On the possibilities of X-ray phase contrast microimaging by coherent high-energy synchrotron radiation. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1995, 66, 5486–5492. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meadowcroft, A.L.; Bentley, C.D.; Stott, E.N. Evaluation of the sensitivity and fading characteristics of an image plate system for X-ray diagnostics. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2008, 79, 113102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Clark, J.N.; Putkunz, C.T.; Pfeifer, M.A.; Peele, A.G.; Williams, G.J.; Chen, B.; Nugent, K.A.; Hall, C.; Fullagar, W.; Kim, S.; et al. Use of a complex constraint in coherent diffractive imaging. Opt. Express 2010, 18, 1981. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bagnoud, V.; Aurand, B.; Blazevic, A.; Borneis, S.; Bruske, C.; Ecker, B.; Eisenbarth, U.; Fils, J.; Frank, A.; Gaul, E.; et al. Commissioning and early experiments of the PHELIX facility. Appl. Phys. B 2010, 100, 137–150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Antonelli, L.; Barbato, F.; Mancelli, D.; Trela, J.; Zeraouli, G.; Boutoux, G.; Neumayer, P.; Atzeni, S.; Schiavi, A.; Volpe, L.; et al. X-ray phase-contrast imaging for laser-induced shock waves. EPL (Europhys. Lett.) 2019, 125, 35002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Schropp, A.; Hoppe, R.; Meier, V.; Patommel, J.; Seiboth, F.; Ping, Y.; Hicks, D.G.; Beckwith, M.A.; Collins, G.W.; Higginbotham, A.; et al. Imaging Shock Waves in Diamond with Both High Temporal and Spatial Resolution at an XFEL. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Fiksel, G.; Marshall, F.J.; Mileham, C.; Stoeckl, C. Note: Spatial resolution of Fuji BAS-TR and BAS-SR imaging plates. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2012, 83, 086103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Weitkamp, T.; Haas, D.; Wegrzynek, D.; Rack, A. ANKAphase: Software for single-distance phase retrieval from inline X-ray phase-contrast radiographs. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 2011, 18, 617–629. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Burvall, A.; Lundström, U.; Takman, P.A.C.; Larsson, D.H.; Hertz, H.M. Phase retrieval in X-ray phase-contrast imaging suitable for tomography. Opt. Express 2011, 19, 10359–10376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Souvorov, A.; Ishikawa, T.; Kuyumchyan, A. Multiresolution phase retrieval in the Fresnel region by use of wavelet transform. J. Opt. Soc. Am. Opt. Image Sci. 2006, 23, 279–287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Voelz, D.G. Computational Fourier Optics: A MATLAB Tutorial; SPIE Press: Bellingham, WA, USA, 2011. [Google Scholar]
- Giewekemeyer, K.; Krüger, S.P.; Kalbfleisch, S.; Bartels, M.; Beta, C.; Salditt, T. X-ray propagation microscopy of biological cells using waveguides as a quasipoint source. Phys. Rev. A 2011, 83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hagemann, J.; Salditt, T. Divide and update: Towards single-shot object and probe retrieval for near-field holography. Opt. Express 2017, 25, 20953–20968. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed][Green Version]
- Paganin, D.M. Coherent X-ray Optics; Oxford University Press (OUP): Oxford, UK, 2006. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Paganin, D.; Mayo, S.C.; Gureyev, T.E.; Miller, P.R.; Wilkins, S.W. Simultaneous phase and amplitude extraction from a single defocused image of a homogeneous object. J. Microsc. 2002, 206, 33–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bronnikov, A.V. Reconstruction formulas in phase-contrast tomography. Opt. Commun. 1999, 171, 239–244. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cloetens, P.; Ludwig, W.; Baruchel, J.; Van Dyck, D.; Van Landuyt, J.; Guigay, J.P.; Schlenker, M. Holotomography: Quantitative phase tomography with micrometer resolution using hard synchrotron radiation X-rays. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75, 2912–2914. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Guigay, J.P.; Langer, M.; Boistel, R.; Cloetens, P. Mixed transfer function and transport of intensity approach for phase retrieval in the Fresnel region. Opt. Lett. 2007, 32, 1617–1619. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Henke, B.; Gullikson, E.; Davis, J. X-ray interactions: Photoabsorption, scattering, transmission, and reflection at E = 50–30,000 eV, Z = 1–92. At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 1993, 54, 181–342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Morgan, K.S.; Siu, K.K.W.; Paganin, D.M. The projection approximation and edge contrast for X-ray propagation-based phase contrast imaging of a cylindrical edge. Opt. Express 2010, 18, 9865–9878. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matsushima, K.; Shimobaba, T. Band-Limited Angular Spectrum Method for Numerical Simulation of Free-Space Propagation in Far and Near Fields. Opt. Express 2009, 17, 19662–19673. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Bearden, J.A. X-ray Wavelengths. Rev. Mod. Phys. 1967, 39, 78–124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Seifert, M.; Weule, M.; Cipiccia, S.; Flenner, S.; Hagemann, J.; Ludwig, V.; Michel, T.; Neumayer, P.; Schuster, M.; Wolf, A.; Anton, G.; Funk, S.; Akstaller, B. Evaluation of the Weighted Mean X-ray Energy for an Imaging System Via Propagation-Based Phase-Contrast Imaging. J. Imaging 2020, 6, 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6070063
Seifert M, Weule M, Cipiccia S, Flenner S, Hagemann J, Ludwig V, Michel T, Neumayer P, Schuster M, Wolf A, Anton G, Funk S, Akstaller B. Evaluation of the Weighted Mean X-ray Energy for an Imaging System Via Propagation-Based Phase-Contrast Imaging. Journal of Imaging. 2020; 6(7):63. https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6070063
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeifert, Maria, Mareike Weule, Silvia Cipiccia, Silja Flenner, Johannes Hagemann, Veronika Ludwig, Thilo Michel, Paul Neumayer, Max Schuster, Andreas Wolf, Gisela Anton, Stefan Funk, and Bernhard Akstaller. 2020. "Evaluation of the Weighted Mean X-ray Energy for an Imaging System Via Propagation-Based Phase-Contrast Imaging" Journal of Imaging 6, no. 7: 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6070063