A Novel Synchronized Multiple Output DC-DC Converter Based on Hybrid Flyback-Cuk Topologies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The proposed HFC has only one switch with single primary isolated input and dual outputs.
- The voltage gain of HFC is enhanced by keeping it less than 1 for higher duty cycle values. Conventional flyback or Cuk converters experience a dramatic voltage gain increase after 50% duty cycles. Thus, HFC can be used for both step-up and step-down states.
- The switching losses for the switch are minimized. Hence, the efficiency of the proposed HFC is high and can reach around 90% for higher duty cycle values (e.g., 80% duty cycle).
- The proposed HFC can supply and receive energy simultaneously, making it suitable for different applications of energy conversion systems.
- An EV charger is used as a case study to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed HFC. It can step down the voltage at high duty cycles, and simultaneous bidirectional operation was confirmed.
2. Analysis of the Proposed HFC Converter
- In steady-state, the average inductor voltage is zero.
- In steady-state, the average capacitor current is zero.
- In steady-state, the average value of the Cuk coupling capacitor (Ck) is Vin + Vo.
- A.
- When Q is ON: Both the flyback output diode (Df) and the Cuk diode (Dk) are reverse biased. Figure 3 illustrates the current and voltage directions for the ON state. During this period, the magnetization inductance (Lm) is being energized from the input voltage source. Therefore, the rate of change of current in the magnetization inductance is linearly increased according to the following equation:
- B.
- When Q is OFF: Diodes (Df) and (Dk) are conducting. Figure 4 shows the currents and voltage directions for the OFF state. During this mode, Lm is being de-energized by (−V1). The rate of change of current in the magnetization inductance is given by:
3. Simulation Results
3.1. Model Parameters
3.2. Results and Waveforms
3.3. Efficiency Assessment
3.4. Effect of Load Change
4. Application: Electric Vehicle Adapter
- 1.
- Forward the energy when Iin > 0 and Io_f > 0. This means the load consumed the power from the proposed converter’s upper terminals (flyback terminals).
- 2.
- Reverse the energy when Iin > 0 and Io_c < 0. This means the energy storage system is being charged from the proposed converter’s lower terminals (Cuk terminals).
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Description | Value |
---|---|---|
Pin/Po | input/output power | 300 W |
Vin | input voltage | 220 V |
Vo | output voltage | 50 V |
Io | output current | 6 A |
Ro | load resistance | 8.3 Ω |
fs | switching frequency | 20 kHz |
Lm | magnetization inductance | 18 mH |
Np/Ns | transformer T turns ratio | 220/90 |
Cf | flyback output capacitance | 0.2 mF |
Ck | Cuk coupling capacitance | 110 uF |
Lk | Cuk second inductance | 34 uH |
Cck | Cuk output capacitance | 20 nF |
Losses Type | Equation | Conditions | |
---|---|---|---|
Losses of Figure 2 | |||
conduction loss | In Q | Ron: MOSFET on-state resistance R1: series resistance of the current loop | |
In Df or Dk | Vf: flyback diode forward voltage | ||
switching loss | In Q | Coss: switch output capacitance | |
In Df or Dk | Cd: diode parasitic capacitance | ||
control loss | Qg: switch gate charge Vg: voltage needed to charge the gate | ||
transformer loss | Copper losses are considered with conduction losses. | ||
Core losses are ignored because it is assumed that the core is ideal. | |||
total loss |
Comparison Aspect | The Proposed HFC as Shown in Figure 2 | Conventional Circuit of Flyback and Cuk Converters |
---|---|---|
number of transformers | 1 | 1 |
number of passive components | 4 | 5 |
number of diodes | 2 | 2 |
number of switches | 1 | 2 |
number of control loops | 1 | 2 |
number of power supplies | 1 | 2 |
number of output ports | 3 | 2 |
voltage stress across Q | ||
step down capability | able to step down Vo when DQ < 85% | able to step down Vo when DQ < 50% |
voltage gain (VG) | lower VG over DQ | higher VG over DQ |
efficiency at full load conditions | 89% | 88.3% |
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Mahafzah, K.A.; Obeidat, M.A.; Al-Shetwi, A.Q.; Ustun, T.S. A Novel Synchronized Multiple Output DC-DC Converter Based on Hybrid Flyback-Cuk Topologies. Batteries 2022, 8, 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8080093
Mahafzah KA, Obeidat MA, Al-Shetwi AQ, Ustun TS. A Novel Synchronized Multiple Output DC-DC Converter Based on Hybrid Flyback-Cuk Topologies. Batteries. 2022; 8(8):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8080093
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahafzah, Khaled A., Mohammad A. Obeidat, Ali Q. Al-Shetwi, and Taha Selim Ustun. 2022. "A Novel Synchronized Multiple Output DC-DC Converter Based on Hybrid Flyback-Cuk Topologies" Batteries 8, no. 8: 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8080093