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Volume 11
Issue 9
10.3390/batteries11090333
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Transition Metal-Based Catalysts Powering Practical Room-Temperature Na-S Batteries: From Advances to Further Perspectives

by
Junsheng Li
1,2,
Yongli Wang
1,2,
Yuanyuan Yang
1,2,
Peng Lei
3,
Huatang Cao
4 and
Yinyu Xiang
1,2,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Glass Materials, Wuhan 430070, China
2
Wuhan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Near-Zero Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
3
School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
4
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Batteries 2025, 11(9), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11090333
Submission received: 18 July 2025 / Revised: 23 August 2025 / Accepted: 1 September 2025 / Published: 5 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Batteries: Interface Science in Batteries)
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Abstract

Room-temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na-S) batteries hold great potential in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density and low cost of raw materials. However, the inherent low conductivity, notorious shuttling, and sluggish kinetics of cathode materials cause the loss of active substances and capacity delay, hindering the practical application of RT Na-S batteries. Owing to their low cost, variable oxidation states, and unsaturated d orbitals, transition metal (TM)-based catalysts have been extensively studied in circumventing the above shortcomings. Herein, the review first elaborates on the reaction mechanisms and current challenges of RT Na-S batteries. Subsequently, the role and function mechanism of TM-based catalysts (including single/dual atoms, nanoparticles, compounds, and heterostructures) in RT Na-S batteries are described. Specifically, based on the theories of electronic transfer and atomic orbital hybridization, the interaction mechanism between TM-based catalysts and polysulfides, as well as the catalytic performance, are systematically discussed and summarized. Finally, a discussion on the challenges and future research perspectives associated with TM-based catalysts for RT Na-S batteries is provided.
Keywords: room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries; sodium polysulfide; transition metal-based catalysts; catalytic conversion; adsorption room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries; sodium polysulfide; transition metal-based catalysts; catalytic conversion; adsorption
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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, J.; Wang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Lei, P.; Cao, H.; Xiang, Y. Transition Metal-Based Catalysts Powering Practical Room-Temperature Na-S Batteries: From Advances to Further Perspectives. Batteries 2025, 11, 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11090333

AMA Style

Li J, Wang Y, Yang Y, Lei P, Cao H, Xiang Y. Transition Metal-Based Catalysts Powering Practical Room-Temperature Na-S Batteries: From Advances to Further Perspectives. Batteries. 2025; 11(9):333. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11090333

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Junsheng, Yongli Wang, Yuanyuan Yang, Peng Lei, Huatang Cao, and Yinyu Xiang. 2025. "Transition Metal-Based Catalysts Powering Practical Room-Temperature Na-S Batteries: From Advances to Further Perspectives" Batteries 11, no. 9: 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11090333

APA Style

Li, J., Wang, Y., Yang, Y., Lei, P., Cao, H., & Xiang, Y. (2025). Transition Metal-Based Catalysts Powering Practical Room-Temperature Na-S Batteries: From Advances to Further Perspectives. Batteries, 11(9), 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11090333

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