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Volume 10
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Review

Advancements in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries: A Comprehensive Review of Cathode and Anode Materials

by
Jing Guo
1,2,3,
Xue Meng
1,2,3,
Qing Wang
1,2,3,
Yahui Zhang
1,2,3,
Shengxue Yan
1,2,3 and
Shaohua Luo
1,2,3,*
1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2
School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
3
Hebei Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Batteries 2024, 10(8), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10080260
Submission received: 4 June 2024 / Revised: 5 July 2024 / Accepted: 16 July 2024 / Published: 23 July 2024
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Abstract

As modern society continues to advance, the depletion of non-renewable energy sources (such as natural gas and petroleum) exacerbates environmental and energy issues. The development of green, environmentally friendly energy storage and conversion systems is imperative. The energy density of commercial lithium-ion batteries is approaching its theoretical limit, and even so, it struggles to meet the rapidly growing market demand. Lithium–oxygen batteries have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their exceptionally high theoretical energy density. However, challenges such as poor electrolyte stability, short cycle life, low discharge capacity, and high overpotential arise from the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) during discharge and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during charging. This article elucidates the fundamental principles of lithium–oxygen batteries, analyzes the primary issues currently faced, and summarizes recent research advancements in air cathodes and anodes. Additionally, it proposes future directions and efforts for the development of lithium–air batteries.
Keywords: lithium–oxygen battery; electrode material; catalyst; first principles; electrochemical performance lithium–oxygen battery; electrode material; catalyst; first principles; electrochemical performance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Guo, J.; Meng, X.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Yan, S.; Luo, S. Advancements in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries: A Comprehensive Review of Cathode and Anode Materials. Batteries 2024, 10, 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10080260

AMA Style

Guo J, Meng X, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yan S, Luo S. Advancements in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries: A Comprehensive Review of Cathode and Anode Materials. Batteries. 2024; 10(8):260. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10080260

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guo, Jing, Xue Meng, Qing Wang, Yahui Zhang, Shengxue Yan, and Shaohua Luo. 2024. "Advancements in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries: A Comprehensive Review of Cathode and Anode Materials" Batteries 10, no. 8: 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10080260

APA Style

Guo, J., Meng, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Yan, S., & Luo, S. (2024). Advancements in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries: A Comprehensive Review of Cathode and Anode Materials. Batteries, 10(8), 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10080260

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