Comparative Effects of Four Plant Growth Regulators on Yield and Field Performance of Crocus sativus L.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Growth Conditions
2.2. Treatments
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Leaf Size, Number and Dry Weight
3.2. Flower and Stigma Number, Fresh Weight, and Dry Weight
3.3. Daughter Corm Number and Weight
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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pH | Electrical Conductivity (mS/m) | K (ppm) | P (ppm) | Total Nitrogen (%) | Sand | Silt | Clay | Soil Texture | Bulk Density (g·cm−3) | Moisture Content (%) | Sample Depth (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7.56 | 13.86 | 267 | 13.4 | 0.12 | 52 | 31 | 17 | Sandy loom | 1.564 | 1.56 | 0–30 |
2015/2016 | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | January | February | March |
Precipitation | 83.2 | 6.6 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 16.6 | 73.6 | 14.6 | 15.9 | 31.8 | 31.6 |
Mean Temp | 10.8 | 16.7 | 22.3 | 26.6 | 25.9 | 21.5 | 17.3 | 9.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 8.8 |
Min Temp | 4.2 | 8.4 | 12.9 | 18.5 | 16.1 | 12.7 | 9.1 | 4.6 | −2.8 | −2.8 | −3.2 | 2.6 |
Max Temp | 17.4 | 25.0 | 31.8 | 34.6 | 35.8 | 30.3 | 25.4 | 14.3 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 15.0 |
Mean Relative Humidity | 56 | 46 | 44 | 41 | 36 | 50 | 52 | 66 | 65 | 64 | 63 | 56 |
2016/2017 | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | January | February | March |
Precipitation | 62 | 28.1 | 15.9 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 22.6 | 21.9 | 9.7 | 27.2 | 42 |
Mean Temp | 9.5 | 16.5 | 19.9 | 24.7 | 25.6 | 22.6 | 15.6 | 11.3 | 1.81 | 1.7 | −0.5 | 4.3 |
Min Temp | 3.7 | 8.6 | 11.1 | 16.5 | 16.3 | 12.8 | 6.1 | 4.3 | −4.4 | −4.5 | −5.2 | −2.4 |
Max Temp | 15.3 | 24.4 | 28.6 | 32.9 | 34.8 | 32.5 | 25.1 | 18.2 | 8 | 7.8 | 4.1 | 11 |
Mean Relative Humidity | 61 | 55 | 47 | 46 | 42 | 42 | 46 | 55 | 54 | 62 | 67 | 60 |
Year | Treatment | Leaf Length (cm) | Leaf Width (mm) | LAI | Leaf Number | Leaf Dry Weight (mg) | Number of Daughter Corms | Corm Fresh Weight (g·m−2) | Corm Dry Weight (g·m−2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015–2016 | Control | 31 e | 3 e | 1.1 g | 6.3 de | 65 l | 2 e | 4.36 g | 1.99 g | |
HP | 30 f | 3.2 d | 1.43 de | 7.3 cd | 97 k | 3.33 b | 14.3 b | 4.7 c | ||
GA3 | 250 | 38 a | 2.1 h | 1.23 f | 8.3 bc | 125 h | 3 c | 10.87 d | 3.61 d | |
500 | 37 b | 2.3 g | 1.59 c | 9.7 b | 165 f | 3.33 b | 9.73 e | 3.05 e | ||
750 | 33 d | 2.4 f | 1.48 e | 8.7 c | 196 b | 2.33 d | 4.49 i | 3.71 d | ||
SA | 700 | 32 cd | 3.4 c | 1.56 d | 7.7 d | 143 g | 3 c | 16.06 a | 6.11 a | |
1400 | 35 c | 4 a | 2.73 a | 10.3 a | 217 a | 5.5 a | 15.55 b | 5.03 b | ||
2100 | 31 e | 4.1 a | 2.37 b | 8.7 c | 175 e | 3 c | 6.85 g | 2.42 f | ||
CCC | 500 | 30 f | 3.1 cd | 1.11 g | 5.7 f | 108 hi | 2.33 d | 10.14 d | 3 e | |
1000 | 24 i | 3 e | 1.2 f | 6.7 e | 113 i | 2 e | 7.1 f | 3.18 e | ||
1500 | 20 l | 3.7 b | 0.93 gh | 5.3 g | 122 gh | 1.63 f | 6.05 g | 2.16 f | ||
PBZ | 50 | 28 g | 3.2 d | 0.84 hi | 4.7 h | 191 c | 1.66 f | 12.18 c | 3.67 d | |
100 | 26 h | 3.3 bc | 1.07 h | 5.7 f | 216 a | 2.33 d | 7.66 f | 3.01 e | ||
150 | 22 k | 3.6 ab | 0.97 i | 5.7 f | 186 d | 2.33 d | 6.82 g | 2.3 f | ||
2016–2017 | Control | 27 e | 3 e | 0.96 f | 6.1 cd | 57 m | 1.9 e | 4.25 h | 1.89 f | |
HP | 29 cd | 3.2 d | 1.23 bc | 7.3 d | 84 kl | 3.91 b | 14.21 b | 4.71 ab | ||
GA3 | 250 | 35 a | 2 g | 1.17 e | 8.3 c | 114 i | 2.87 c | 10.76 d | 3.52 c | |
500 | 35 a | 2.4 f | 1.51 c | 9.1 b | 157 f | 3.01 b | 9.62 e | 3.04 d | ||
750 | 29 cd | 2.4 f | 1.13 d | 8.1 c | 178 c | 2.32 d | 6.38 g | 3.61 c | ||
SA | 700 | 30 d | 3.2 d | 1.22 bc | 7.3 d | 135 g | 3.93 b | 16.05 a | 6.1 a | |
1400 | 34 b | 3.7 b | 2.76 a | 10.7 a | 211 a | 5.3 a | 14.43 b | 4.02 ab | ||
2100 | 29 cd | 4 a | 2.32 b | 9.3 b | 169 d | 2.78 c | 6.74 g | 2.31 e | ||
CCC | 500 | 31 c | 3 e | 1 de | 5.7 e | 97l | 2.22 d | 10.03 d | 3.01 | |
1000 | 22 g | 3 e | 0.87 g | 6.3 cd | 109 k | 1.94 e | 7.12 f | 3.16 d | ||
1500 | 19 i | 3.4 c | 0.82 h | 5.3 e | 124 h | 1.64 f | 6.04 g | 2.17 e | ||
PBZ | 50 | 28 e | 3.1 cd | 0.81 h | 4.7 f | 183 b | 1.59 f | 12.07 c | 5.55 b | |
100 | 24 f | 3.2 d | 0.86 g | 5.3 e | 210 a | 2.1 d | 7.57 f | 3.02 d | ||
150 | 19 i | 3.4 c | 0.83 h | 5.3 e | 162 e | 2.1 d | 4.71 h | 2.21 e |
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Heidari, F.; Shekari, F.; Andalibi, B.; Saba, J.; Uberti, D.; Mastinu, A. Comparative Effects of Four Plant Growth Regulators on Yield and Field Performance of Crocus sativus L. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 799. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8090799
Heidari F, Shekari F, Andalibi B, Saba J, Uberti D, Mastinu A. Comparative Effects of Four Plant Growth Regulators on Yield and Field Performance of Crocus sativus L. Horticulturae. 2022; 8(9):799. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8090799
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeidari, Fatemeh, Farid Shekari, Babak Andalibi, Jalal Saba, Daniela Uberti, and Andrea Mastinu. 2022. "Comparative Effects of Four Plant Growth Regulators on Yield and Field Performance of Crocus sativus L." Horticulturae 8, no. 9: 799. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8090799