Cleaning of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) from Contaminated Clothing of Greenhouse Employees
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Source of ToBRFV and Plant Material
2.2. Inoculum Preparation and Mechanical Inoculation
2.3. Selection of Products and Preparation of the Working Solutions
2.4. Experimental Design
2.5. Detection of ToBRFV
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Infectivity of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in N. tabacum cv. Xanthi NN
3.2. Qualitative Cleaning Efficacy of Detergents and the Disinfectant
3.3. Cleaning of ToBRFV-Contaminated Clothes
3.4. Infectivity of ToBRFV in the Resulting Cleaning Solution
3.5. Disinfection of the Contaminated Cleaning Solution
4. Discussion
5. Recommendations for Practical Application in Greenhouses
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Product | Active Ingredient | Working Solution | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Trade name | Name | Concentration | Concentration | pH |
Menno Florades (MF) | Benzoic acid | 9% (w/v) | 4% (40 mL/L) | 2 |
Menno Hortisept Clean Plus (HCP) | Sodium hydroxide | 10− < 15% | 2% (20 mL/L) | 12.5 |
Fadex H+ (FH) | Formic acid | 45− < 50% | 2% (20 mL/L) | 1 |
Spee ActivGel (SAG) | Anionic tensides | 5–15% | 0.25% (2.5 mL/L) | 5 |
Vanish Oxi Action Gel (VO) | Hydrogen peroxide | ≤10% | 2.5% (25 mL/L) | 6 |
Treatment | Cleaning Time | Cloth Carrier | Cleaning Solution (CS) |
---|---|---|---|
number of infected plants/total number of plants | |||
Negative control | 10 min. | 0/15 | 0/15 |
Control | 10 min. | 24/24 (A) | 24/24 (A) |
Disinfectants | |||
MF 4% | 10 min. | 5/24 (B) | 7/24 (B) |
MF 4% | 4 h | 2/24 (B) | 8/24 (B) |
Detergents | |||
HCP 2% | 10 min. | 2/24 (B) | 1/24 (B) |
FH 2% | 10 min. | 3/24 (B) | 1/24 (B) |
Household detergents | |||
SAG 0.25% | 10 min. | 24/24 (A) | 24/24 (A) |
VO 2.5% | 10 min. | 24/24 (A) | 24/24 (A) |
Cleaning Solution (CS) | Disinfectant | Disinfection Time | Decontaminated CS |
---|---|---|---|
number of infected plants/total number of plants | |||
Negative control | MF 4% | 16 h | 0/15 |
Control | / | / | 24/24 (A) |
Disinfectants | |||
MF 4% 10 min | MF 4% | 16 h | 0/24 (B) |
MF 4% 4 h | / | / | 2/24 (B) |
Detergents | |||
HCP 2% | MF 4% | 16 h | 3/24 (B) |
FH 2% | MF 4% | 16 h | 0/24 (B) |
Household detergents | |||
SAG 0.25% | MF 4% | 16 h | 2/24 (B) |
VO 2.5% | MF 4% | 16 h | 0/24 (B) |
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Ehlers, J.; Nourinejhad Zarghani, S.; Kroschewski, B.; Büttner, C.; Bandte, M. Cleaning of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) from Contaminated Clothing of Greenhouse Employees. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 751. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080751
Ehlers J, Nourinejhad Zarghani S, Kroschewski B, Büttner C, Bandte M. Cleaning of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) from Contaminated Clothing of Greenhouse Employees. Horticulturae. 2022; 8(8):751. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080751
Chicago/Turabian StyleEhlers, Jens, Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani, Bärbel Kroschewski, Carmen Büttner, and Martina Bandte. 2022. "Cleaning of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) from Contaminated Clothing of Greenhouse Employees" Horticulturae 8, no. 8: 751. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080751
APA StyleEhlers, J., Nourinejhad Zarghani, S., Kroschewski, B., Büttner, C., & Bandte, M. (2022). Cleaning of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) from Contaminated Clothing of Greenhouse Employees. Horticulturae, 8(8), 751. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080751