Optical Characteristics of Greenhouse Plastic Films Affect Yield and Some Quality Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Subjected to Different Nitrogen Doses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Set-Up and Design, and Plastic Films Properties
2.2. Plant Management
2.3. Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Temperature Measurements
2.4. Yield Measurements, SPAD Index and Color Parameters
2.5. Qualitative Parameters Assessments
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Environmental Conditions
3.2. Yield and SPAD Index
3.3. Spinach Colorimetric Indices, Bioactive Qualities and Dry Matter Percentage
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatments | L* | a* | b* |
---|---|---|---|
Fertilization | |||
N0% | 38.99 ± 0.63 a | −14.33 ± 0493 | 19.87 ± 0.65 |
N50% | 37.48 ± 0.55 b | −13.52 ± 0.35 | 18.44 ± 0.44 |
N100% | 37.31 ± 0.76 b | −13.40 ± 0.67 | 18.60 ± 0.82 |
Film | |||
Film A | 38.53 ± 0.67 a | −13.92 ± 0.47 | 19.42 ± 0.82 |
Film B | 37.32 ± 0.51 b | −13.58 ± 0.42 | 18.51 ± 0.69 |
Significance | |||
Fertilization (N) | * | ns | ns |
Film (F) | * | ns | ns |
N × F | ns | ns | ns |
Treatments | ABTS | Total Phenols | AsA | DM |
---|---|---|---|---|
mM Trolox eq. 100g−1 dw | mg Gallic Acid g−1 dw | mg 100 g−1 fw | % | |
Fertilization | ||||
N0% | 22.77 ± 1.70 | 3.22 ± 0.18 a | 33.49 ± 4.93 | 9.9 ± 0.6 a |
N50% | 21.90 ± 1.29 | 2.88 ± 0.17 a | 27.45 ± 7.33 | 8.8 ± 0.2 b |
N100% | 20.55 ± 1.72 | 2.48 ± 0.15 b | 23.62 ± 3.81 | 8.3 ± 0.3 b |
Film | ||||
Film A | 22.10 ± 1.91 | 2.95 ± 0.17 | 40.62 ± 6.71 a | 9.4 ± 0.5 a |
Film B | 21.42 ± 1.23 | 2.78 ± 0.16 | 15.75 ± 5.33 b | 8.6 ± 0.2 b |
Significance | ||||
Fertilization (N) | ns | ** | ns | * |
Film (F) | ns | ns | ** | * |
N × F | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Treatments | Chlorophyll a | Chlorophyll b | Total Chlorophylls | Nitrate |
---|---|---|---|---|
mg g−1 fw | mg g−1 fw | mg g−1 fw | mg kg−1 fw | |
Fertilization | ||||
N0% | 0.905 ± 0.034 b | 0.547 ± 0.045 b | 1.452 ± 0.079 b | 52.3 ± 20.8 c |
N50% | 0.976 ± 0.044 ab | 0.716 ± 0.105 a | 1.692 ± 0.146 a | 1968.4 ± 650.7 b |
N100% | 1.015 ± 0.025 a | 0.786 ± 0.075 a | 1.800 ± 0.099 a | 3205.5 ± 537.5 a |
Film | ||||
Film A | 0.976 ± 0.029 | 0.689 ± 0.075 | 1.665 ± 0.103 | 476.4 ± 134.4 b |
Film B | 0.954 ± 0.040 | 0.677 ± 0.076 | 1.632 ± 0.114 | 3007.7 ± 671.6 a |
Significance | ||||
Fertilization (N) | * | * | * | ** |
Film (F) | ns | ns | ns | ** |
N x F | ns | ns | ns | ns |
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Mola, I.D.; Ottaiano, L.; Cozzolino, E.; Sabatino, L.; Sifola, M.I.; Mormile, P.; El-Nakhel, C.; Rouphael, Y.; Mori, M. Optical Characteristics of Greenhouse Plastic Films Affect Yield and Some Quality Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Subjected to Different Nitrogen Doses. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7070200
Mola ID, Ottaiano L, Cozzolino E, Sabatino L, Sifola MI, Mormile P, El-Nakhel C, Rouphael Y, Mori M. Optical Characteristics of Greenhouse Plastic Films Affect Yield and Some Quality Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Subjected to Different Nitrogen Doses. Horticulturae. 2021; 7(7):200. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7070200
Chicago/Turabian StyleMola, Ida Di, Lucia Ottaiano, Eugenio Cozzolino, Leo Sabatino, Maria Isabella Sifola, Pasquale Mormile, Christophe El-Nakhel, Youssef Rouphael, and Mauro Mori. 2021. "Optical Characteristics of Greenhouse Plastic Films Affect Yield and Some Quality Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Subjected to Different Nitrogen Doses" Horticulturae 7, no. 7: 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7070200