Enhancing Methane Production through Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge: A Modified ADM1 Model Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Substrate and Inoculum
2.2. Batch and Semi-Continuous Tests
2.3. Analytical Method
2.4. Mathematical Model Development
2.4.1. Model Structure Philosophy
2.4.2. Mathematical Equations
Gas Calculations
pH Calculations
Inhibition
2.4.3. Model Assumptions
2.5. Sensitivity Analysis
Sensitivity Analysis and Variable Dependence of Parameters
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. ADM1 Simulation Using Measure Parameters
3.2. Model Calibration and Validation
Sensitivity Analysis Results
4. Conclusions
- Simulating the interactions between substrates, microbial communities, and environmental factors.
- The model accurately represents the dynamics of acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis stages, identifying potential bottlenecks and opportunities for enhancing methane production efficiency.
- It contributes to a deeper understanding of factors influencing digester performance, such as pH, temperature, organic loading rate, and substrate composition. This understanding enables operators to fine-tune operating conditions for optimal methane yield and digester stability.
- The model can facilitate the assessment of the feasibility and economic viability of anaerobic co-digestion projects, guiding investments and resource allocation.
- However, challenges remain in accurate calibration and validation for specific co-digestion systems due to the complexity of microbial interactions and parameter estimation. Further research is needed to refine and expand the model’s applicability to various waste streams and co-substrate combinations.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component | Description | Min | Max | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|
Flow (m³/day) | Influent Flow | 165 | 170 | 167.5 |
pH | 5.1 | 7 | 6.05 | |
Temperature (°C) | 31 | 37 | 34 | |
TCOD (mg/L) | Total COD | 7940 | 10,500 | 9220 |
SCOD (mg/L) | Soluble COD | 5342 | 8500 | 6921 |
PCOD (mg/L) | Particulate COD | 2598 | 1000 | 1799 |
TSS (mg/L) | Total Suspended Solids | 603.44 | 750.03 | 676.735 |
VSS (mg/L) | Volatile Suspended Solids | 573.268 | 609.23 | 591.249 |
VFA (meq/L) | Volatile Fatty Acids | 721.3 | 821.56 | 771.43 |
Total Alkalinity | as CaCO3 | 584 | 589 | 586.5 |
TOC | Total Organic Carbon | 25 | 31 | 28 |
TKN (mg N/L) | Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen | 925 | 946.3 | 935.65 |
NH4-N (mg N/L) | Ammonium Nitrogen | 127 | 129 | 128 |
NO2-N (mg N/L) | Nitrate | 54 | 54.3 | 54.15 |
NO3-N (mg N/L) | Nitrite | 190 | 197 | 193.5 |
Total-P (mg P/L) | Total Phosphorus | 3.69 | 6 | 4.845 |
PO4-P (mg P/L) | Orthophosphates | 0.1 | 0.12 | 0.11 |
Ca (mg/L) | Calcium | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
Mg (mg/L) | Magnesium | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.87 |
SO4 (mg/L) | Sulphates | 0.32 | 0.45 | 0.385 |
CH4 content (%) | Methane % | 65 | 71 | 68 |
CO2 content (%) | Carbon dioxide | 31 | 32 | 31.5 |
Type of Inhibition | Description | Equation | Affected Process |
---|---|---|---|
pH Inhibition | pH inhibition at both low & high pH | All substrate uptake | |
pH inhibition at low pH only | |||
Competitive Inhibition | Valerate & Butyrate competes for C4 | Butyrate, valerate, C4 uptake | |
Non-competitive Inhibition | Hydrogen and free ammonia inhibition | LCFA, Acetate, Butyrate, valerate, propionate uptake | |
Secondary substrate | Inhibition due to limited inorganic nitrogen | All substrate uptake |
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Mudzanani, K.E.; Phadi, T.T.; Iyuke, S.E.; Daramola, M.O. Enhancing Methane Production through Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge: A Modified ADM1 Model Approach. Fermentation 2023, 9, 833. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090833
Mudzanani KE, Phadi TT, Iyuke SE, Daramola MO. Enhancing Methane Production through Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge: A Modified ADM1 Model Approach. Fermentation. 2023; 9(9):833. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090833
Chicago/Turabian StyleMudzanani, Khuthadzo E., Terence T. Phadi, Sunny E. Iyuke, and Michael O. Daramola. 2023. "Enhancing Methane Production through Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge: A Modified ADM1 Model Approach" Fermentation 9, no. 9: 833. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090833