Investigation of Gelation Techniques for the Fabrication of Cellulose Aerogels
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Methods
4.2.1. Cellulose Dissolution
4.2.2. Preparation of Cellulose Hydrogels
Chemical Cross-Linking Gelation
Cryotropic Gelation
CO2-Induced Gelation
4.2.3. Solvent Exchange
4.2.4. Drying
4.2.5. Characterization
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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№ | Gelation Method | , wt% | , % | , % | , g/cm3 | , g/cm3 | , % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Chemical crosslinking | 2.0 | 21 ± 3.0 | 16 ± 1.6 | 0.067 ± 0.004 | 1.589 ± 0.021 | 95.8 |
2 | 3.0 | 33 ± 3.6 | 8 ± 1.4 | 0.189 ± 0.007 | 1.488 ± 0.013 | 87.3 | |
3 | 4.0 | 31 ± 1.1 | 11 ± 0.9 | 0.201 ± 0.011 | 1.592 ± 0.017 | 87.4 | |
4 | 5.0 | 30 ± 1.0 | 7 ± 0.7 | 0.214 ± 0.013 | 1.632 ± 0.007 | 86.9 | |
5 | 6.0 | 31 ± 0.9 | 11 ± 0.8 | 0.349 ± 0.017 | 1.530 ± 0.009 | 77.2 | |
6 | Cryotropic gelation | 2.0 | 24 ± 0.4 | 9 ± 1.0 | 0.047 ± 0.007 | 1.856 ± 0.004 | 97.5 |
7 | 3.0 | 24 ± 0.7 | 11 ± 0.8 | 0.084 ± 0.005 | 1.870 ± 0.007 | 95.5 | |
8 | 4.0 | 25 ± 0.4 | 5 ± 0.8 | 0.094 ± 0.003 | 1.648 ± 0.011 | 94.3 | |
9 | 5.0 | 24 ± 0.3 | 7 ± 1.3 | 0.126 ± 0.005 | 1.737 ± 0.014 | 92.8 | |
10 | 6.0 | 22 ± 0.4 | 2 ± 0.9 | 0.131 ± 0.001 | 1.565 ± 0.008 | 91.6 | |
11 | CO2-induced gelation | 2.0 | 16 ± 0.5 | 9 ± 0.5 | 0.045 ± 0.002 | 1.634 ± 0.010 | 97.2 |
12 | 3.0 | 17 ± 0.9 | 4 ± 0.9 | 0.059 ± 0.000 | 2.176 ± 0.005 | 97.3 | |
13 | 4.0 | 17 ± 0.4 | 9 ± 0.4 | 0.073 ± 0.000 | 1.603 ± 0.016 | 95.5 | |
14 | 5.0 | 17 ± 0.2 | 5 ± 0.5 | 0.101 ± 0.000 | 1.961 ± 0.004 | 94.9 | |
15 | 6.0 | 15 ± 0.2 | 7 ± 0.6 | 0.108 ± 0.000 | 1.606 ± 0.013 | 93.3 |
№ | Gelation Method | , wt% | , м2/г | , cм3/г |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Chemical crosslinking | 2.0 | 63 ± 7 | 0.34 ± 0.06 |
2 | 3.0 | 33 ± 7 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | |
3 | 4.0 | 58 ± 11 | 0.18 ± 0.07 | |
4 | 5.0 | 87 ± 46 | 0.31 ± 0.21 | |
5 | 6.0 | 78 ± 34 | 0.36 ± 0.23 | |
6 | Cryotropic gelation | 2.0 | 406 ± 8 | 2.64 ± 0.12 |
7 | 3.0 | 379 ± 7 | 2.21 ± 0.16 | |
8 | 4.0 | 332 ± 5 | 2.08 ± 0.11 | |
9 | 5.0 | 326 ± 5 | 1.95 ± 0.15 | |
10 | 6.0 | 312 ± 8 | 1.54 ± 0.10 | |
11 | CO2-induced gelation | 2.0 | 343 ± 11 | 3.70 ± 0.26 |
12 | 3.0 | 325 ± 21 | 2.19 ± 0.24 | |
13 | 4.0 | 281 ± 14 | 1.88 ± 0.13 | |
14 | 5.0 | 232 ± 19 | 1.13 ± 0.14 | |
15 | 6.0 | 225 ± 13 | 0.82 ± 0.04 |
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Menshutina, N.; Fedotova, O.; Trofimova, K.; Tsygankov, P. Investigation of Gelation Techniques for the Fabrication of Cellulose Aerogels. Gels 2023, 9, 919. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9120919
Menshutina N, Fedotova O, Trofimova K, Tsygankov P. Investigation of Gelation Techniques for the Fabrication of Cellulose Aerogels. Gels. 2023; 9(12):919. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9120919
Chicago/Turabian StyleMenshutina, Natalia, Olga Fedotova, Kseniya Trofimova, and Pavel Tsygankov. 2023. "Investigation of Gelation Techniques for the Fabrication of Cellulose Aerogels" Gels 9, no. 12: 919. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9120919