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Article

Contribution of the Tyrosinase (MoTyr) to Melanin Synthesis, Conidiogenesis, Appressorium Development, and Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae

by
Xiaoning Fan
1,
Penghui Zhang
1,
Wajjiha Batool
1,
Chang Liu
1,
Yan Hu
1,
Yi Wei
1,
Zhengquan He
2 and
Shi-Hong Zhang
1,*
1
The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
2
Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU), Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2023, 9(3), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9030311
Submission received: 31 January 2023 / Revised: 15 February 2023 / Accepted: 20 February 2023 / Published: 28 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenic Mechanism and Control of Rice Blast Fungus)
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Abstract

Dihydroxynapthalene-(DHN) and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) are two types of dominant melanin in fungi. Fungal melanins with versatile functions are frequently associated with pathogenicity and stress tolerance. In rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, DHN melanin is essential to maintain the integrity of the infectious structure, appressoria; but the role of the tyrosinase-derived L-DOPA melanin is still unknown. Here, we have genetically and biologically characterized a tyrosinase gene (MoTyr) in M. oryzae. MoTyr encodes a protein of 719 amino acids that contains the typical CuA and CuB domains of tyrosinase. The deletion mutant of MoTyr (ΔMoTyr) was obtained by using a homologous recombination approach. Phenotypic analysis showed that conidiophore stalks and conidia formation was significantly reduced in ΔMoTyr. Under different concentrations of glycerol and PEG, more appressoria collapsed in the mutant strains than in the wild type, suggesting MoTyr is associated with the integrity of the appressorium wall. Melanin measurement confirmed that MoTyr loss resulted in a significant decrease in melanin synthesis. Accordingly, the loss of MoTyr stunted the conidia germination under stress conditions. Importantly, the MoTyr deletion affected both infection and pathogenesis stages. These results suggest that MoTyr, like DHN pigment synthase, plays a key role in conidiophore stalks formation, appressorium integrity, and pathogenesis of M. oryzae, revealing a potential drug target for blast disease control.
Keywords: MoTyr; melanin; conidiophore stalks; appressorium; pathogenesis; Magnaporthe oryzae MoTyr; melanin; conidiophore stalks; appressorium; pathogenesis; Magnaporthe oryzae

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fan, X.; Zhang, P.; Batool, W.; Liu, C.; Hu, Y.; Wei, Y.; He, Z.; Zhang, S.-H. Contribution of the Tyrosinase (MoTyr) to Melanin Synthesis, Conidiogenesis, Appressorium Development, and Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9030311

AMA Style

Fan X, Zhang P, Batool W, Liu C, Hu Y, Wei Y, He Z, Zhang S-H. Contribution of the Tyrosinase (MoTyr) to Melanin Synthesis, Conidiogenesis, Appressorium Development, and Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. Journal of Fungi. 2023; 9(3):311. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9030311

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fan, Xiaoning, Penghui Zhang, Wajjiha Batool, Chang Liu, Yan Hu, Yi Wei, Zhengquan He, and Shi-Hong Zhang. 2023. "Contribution of the Tyrosinase (MoTyr) to Melanin Synthesis, Conidiogenesis, Appressorium Development, and Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae" Journal of Fungi 9, no. 3: 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9030311

APA Style

Fan, X., Zhang, P., Batool, W., Liu, C., Hu, Y., Wei, Y., He, Z., & Zhang, S.-H. (2023). Contribution of the Tyrosinase (MoTyr) to Melanin Synthesis, Conidiogenesis, Appressorium Development, and Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. Journal of Fungi, 9(3), 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9030311

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