A New Cryptic Lineage in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) with Pharmacological Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.2. Morphological and Chemical Studies
2.3. Pharmacological Study
2.3.1. Reagents
2.3.2. Antioxidant Assays
2.3.3. Cell Culture and Cell Treatments
2.3.4. Cell Viability Assay
2.3.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Phylogenetic Analysis
3.2. Chemical and Morphological Analysis
3.3. Taxonomy
3.4. Pharmacological Study
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stenosporic Acid | Perlatolic Acid | Glomelliferic Acid | Divaricatic Acid | Nordivaricatic Acid | Subdivaricatic ACID | Atranorin | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | OCH3 | OCH3 | OCH3 | OCH3 | OH | OCH3 | |
R2 | C3H7 | C4H9 | (CH2-CO-C3H7) | C3H7 | C3H7 | CH3 | |
R3 | C4H9 | C4H9 | C4H9 | C3H7 | C3H7 | C3H7 | |
C. amabilis (n = 2) | 45.8 | 34.5 | 16.8 | - | - | - | 1.9 |
C. caroliniana (n = 8) | 46.2 | 31.8 | 15.9 | - | - | - | 5.6 |
C. kakamegaensis * | 60.2 | 23.6 | 15.8 | - | - | - | 0.4 |
C. concrescens (n = 2) | 4.9 | - | - | 85.3 | 4.5 | 5.3 | - |
Lichen Species | Yields (% w/w) | Total Phenolic Contents (µg GA/mg) | DPPH EC50 (µg/mL) | ORAC Value (µmol TE/mg Dry Extract) | FRAP (µmol of Fe2+ eq/g Sample) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canoparmelia kakamegaensis | 18.5 ± 2.0 | 53.7 ± 2.8 * | 400.2 ± 34.9 * | 3.2 ± 0.1 * | 9.6 ± 0.2 |
Canoparmelia caroliniana | 4.9 ± 0.7 | 44.7 ± 2.2 | 1004.3 ± 112.8 | 1.3 ± 0.04 | 10.8 ± 1.0 |
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Garrido-Huéscar, E.; González-Burgos, E.; Kirika, P.M.; Boustie, J.; Ferron, S.; Gómez-Serranillos, M.P.; Lumbsch, H.T.; Divakar, P.K. A New Cryptic Lineage in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) with Pharmacological Properties. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 826. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080826
Garrido-Huéscar E, González-Burgos E, Kirika PM, Boustie J, Ferron S, Gómez-Serranillos MP, Lumbsch HT, Divakar PK. A New Cryptic Lineage in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) with Pharmacological Properties. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(8):826. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080826
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarrido-Huéscar, Elisa, Elena González-Burgos, Paul M. Kirika, Joël Boustie, Solenn Ferron, M. Pilar Gómez-Serranillos, Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, and Pradeep K. Divakar. 2022. "A New Cryptic Lineage in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) with Pharmacological Properties" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8: 826. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080826