Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi as Biocontrol Tool against Fusarium Wilt Disease of Tomato Plant
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Tomato Plant
2.2. Source and Maintenance of the Pathogen
2.3. Isolation and Identification of PGPF
2.4. Extraction of Fungal Metabolites Using Ethyl Acetate
2.5. In Vitro Antifungal Activity of PGPF
2.6. In Vivo Study
2.7. Disease Severity and Percentage the Protection
2.8. Resistance Indicators
2.9. Isozymes Electrophoresis
2.10. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Molecular Identification of PGPF
3.2. In Vitro Antifungal Activity of PGPF Strains against F. oxysporum
3.3. Estimation of Tomato Systemic Resistance Induced by PGPF against Fusarium Wilt
3.3.1. Disease Severity (DS) and Protection%
3.3.2. Growth Indicators
3.3.3. Photosynthetic Pigment
3.3.4. Physiological and Metabolic Changes
3.3.5. Isozymes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Disease Symptoms Classes | DI (Disease INDEX) (%) | Protection (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
Control Infected | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 87.5 a | 0 |
Infected + A. niger | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16.6 e | 81.03 a |
Infected + A. flavus | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 37.5 c | 57.14 c |
Infected + M. circinelloides | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 20.83 d | 76.19 b |
Infected + P. oxalicum | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 45.83 b | 47.62 d |
Treatments | Total Carbohydrate | Total Phenol | Total Protein | Prolin |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 15.03 ± 1.45 f | 0.74 ± 0.08 i | 24.05 ± 2.33 f | 1.33 ± 0.15 f |
T2 | 28.68 ± 0.64 d | 0.28 ± 0.01 h | 45.88 ± 1.03 d | 0.51 ± 0.03 g |
T3 | 23.28 ± 0.20 c | 0.96 ± 0.005 g | 51.66 ± 0.32 c | 1.73 ± 0.009 e |
T4 | 24.96 ± 1.07 e | 1.07 ± 0.01 f | 39.94 ± 1.71 e | 1.93 ± 0.01 d |
T5 | 37.38 ± 1.86 b | 1.14 ± 0.01 e | 59.97 ± 2.97 b | 1.76 ± 0.02 e |
T6 | 27.16 ± 0.61 d,e | 1.30 ± 0.03 d | 43.46 ± 0.98 d,e | 2.01 ± 0.05 d |
T7 | 28.12 ± 0.36 d | 2.06 ± 0.03 c | 44.99 ± 0.58 d | 3.92 ± 0.06 b |
T8 | 26.08 ± 0.68 d,e | 2.32 ± 0.006 b | 31.72 ± 1.09 d,e | 3.01 ± 0.008 a |
T9 | 40.12 ± 0.36 a | 1.63 ± 0.03 a | 64.19 ± 0.58 a | 2.12 ± 0.042 c |
T10 | 28.88 ± 2.28 d | 2.32 ± 0.006 a | 46.20 ± 3.65 d | 3.01 ± 0.008 d |
LSD at 0.05 | 1.98 | 0.057 | 3.17 | 0.099 |
RF | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
POD | 0.416 | + | + | - | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
0.561 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
0.783 | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | |
0.836 | + | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
0.899 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
PPO | 0.209 | - | - | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | - |
0.391 | ++ | ++ | +++ | + | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ||
0.649 | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
0.715 | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | |
0.813 | - | - | + | + | - | - | + | - | ++ | +++ | |
0.887 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
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Attia, M.S.; Abdelaziz, A.M.; Al-Askar, A.A.; Arishi, A.A.; Abdelhakim, A.M.; Hashem, A.H. Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi as Biocontrol Tool against Fusarium Wilt Disease of Tomato Plant. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080775
Attia MS, Abdelaziz AM, Al-Askar AA, Arishi AA, Abdelhakim AM, Hashem AH. Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi as Biocontrol Tool against Fusarium Wilt Disease of Tomato Plant. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(8):775. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080775
Chicago/Turabian StyleAttia, Mohamed S., Amer M. Abdelaziz, Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar, Amr A. Arishi, Ahmed M. Abdelhakim, and Amr H. Hashem. 2022. "Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi as Biocontrol Tool against Fusarium Wilt Disease of Tomato Plant" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8: 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080775