Species Distribution, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Molecular Epidemiology of Candida Species Causing Candidemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Yeast Isolates, Identification, and Ethical Statement
2.2. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing
2.3. DNA Extraction
2.4. Genotyping
3. Results
3.1. Candida Species Distribution among Patients with Candidemia
3.2. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing
3.3. MLST of C. tropicalis
3.4. MLST of C. albicans
3.5. MLST of C. glabrata
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yeast Isolate | No. of Isolates (%) | Age Mean ± SD | % Mortality |
---|---|---|---|
Candida albicans | 16 (29.63) | 58.77 ± 24.37 | 56.25 |
Candida tropicalis | 18 (33.33) | 63.90 ± 24.53 | 61.11 |
Candida glabrata | 12 (22.22) | 72 ± 13.717 | 33.33 |
Candida parapsilosis | 5 (9.26) | 26.23 ± 36.76 | 40 |
Candida nivariensis | 1 (1.85) | 54 | 0 |
Candida guilliermondii | 1 (1.85) | 0.03 | 0 |
Candida caribbica | 1 (1.85) | 59 | 0 |
Candida Species | Antifungal Agent | MIC (ug/mL) | Isolates (%) | Isolates (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range | MIC50 | MIC90 | S | SDD | I | R | wt | Non-wt | ||
C. albicans | Anidulafungin | 0.015–0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 100 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Micafungin | 0.008–0.015 | 0.008 | 0.015 | 100 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Caspofungin | 0.03–0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 100 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Flucyctosine | 0.06–0.12 | 0.06 | 0.12 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
Posaconazole | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 100 | 0 | |
Voriconazole | 0.008–0.015 | 0.008 | 0.015 | 100 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A | |
Itaconazole | 0.06–0.25 | 0.12 | 0.12 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
Fluconazole | 0.25–1 | 0.5 | 1 | 100 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A | |
AmphotericinB | 0.25–0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 100 | 0 | |
C. glabrata | Anidulafungin | 0.03–0.25 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 80 | N/A | 20 | 0 | N/A | N/A |
Micafungin | 0.15–0.03 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 100 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A | |
Caspofungin | 0.12–0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 20 | N/A | 80 | 0 | N/A | N/A | |
Flucyctosine | 0.06–0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
Posaconazole | 1.0–2.0 | 2.0 | 2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 10 | 90 | |
Voriconazole | 0.25–2 | 1 | 2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 10 | 90 | |
Itaconazole | 0.5–2 | 1 | 2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 100 | 0 | |
Fluconazole | 8–64 | 32 | 64 | N/A | 80 | N/A | 20 | N/A | N/A | |
AmphotericinB | 0.5–1 | 0.5 | 1.0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 100 | 0 | |
C. tropicalis | Anidulafungin | 0.12–0.25 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 100 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A |
Micafungin | 0.03–0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 100 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A | |
Caspofungin | 0.06–0.25 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 100 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A | |
Flucyctosine | 0.06–0.12 | 0.06 | 0.06 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
Posaconazole | 0.12–2 | 0.25 | 2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 14.29 | 85.71 | |
Voriconazole | 0.12–8 | 0.12 | 8 | 57.14 | N/A | 14.29 | 28.5 | N/A | N/A | |
Itaconazole | 0.25–4 | 0.25 | 2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 71.43 | 28.57 | |
Fluconazole | 2–256 | 2 | 256 | 64.29 | N/A | 7.14 | 28.57 | N/A | N/A | |
AmphotericinB | 0.5–1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 100 | 0 | |
C. parapsilosis | Anidulafungin | 1–2 | 1 | 2 | 100 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A |
Micafungin | 1–2 | 1 | 2 | 100 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A | |
Caspofungin | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 100 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A | |
Flucyctosine | 0.06–0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
Posaconazole | 0.03–0.12 | 0.06 | 0.12 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 100 | 0 | |
Voriconazole | 0.015–0.06 | 0.015 | 0.12 | 100 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A | |
Itaconazole | 0.06–0.25 | 0.06 | 0.25 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
Fluconazole | 0.5–4 | 1 | 2 | 50 | N/A | 50 | 0 | N/A | N/A | |
AmphotericinB | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 100 | 0 |
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Boonsilp, S.; Homkaew, A.; Phumisantiphong, U.; Nutalai, D.; Wongsuk, T. Species Distribution, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Molecular Epidemiology of Candida Species Causing Candidemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7070577
Boonsilp S, Homkaew A, Phumisantiphong U, Nutalai D, Wongsuk T. Species Distribution, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Molecular Epidemiology of Candida Species Causing Candidemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(7):577. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7070577
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoonsilp, Siriphan, Anchalee Homkaew, Uraporn Phumisantiphong, Daranee Nutalai, and Thanwa Wongsuk. 2021. "Species Distribution, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Molecular Epidemiology of Candida Species Causing Candidemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 7: 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7070577