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Article

Fusarium Species Associated with Spikes and Grains of Cereal Crops in the Volga Region: Virulence and Toxin-Producing Potential

by
Inna B. Chastukhina
1,
Egor A. Ryazanov
1,
Sergey N. Ponomarev
1,
Irina O. Ivanova
1,
Svetlana Y. Pavlova
1,
Ildar T. Sakhabutdinov
1,
Elena V. Osipova
1,
Mira L. Ponomareva
1,2 and
Vladimir Y. Gorshkov
1,2,*
1
Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia
2
Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2025, 11(12), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120841 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 25 October 2025 / Revised: 25 November 2025 / Accepted: 26 November 2025 / Published: 27 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenic Fungal–Plant Interactions)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat to cereal crops, causing yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. This study investigated Fusarium species associated with spikes and grains of cereals in the Volga region, focusing on species diversity, virulence, and mycotoxin production. F. sporotrichioides, F. avenaceum, and F. poae were the most prevalent species isolated from wheat, rye, barley, triticale, and stored grains in the Volga region. Individual strains of F. culmorum and F. graminearum were also identified. High intraspecific variability in virulence was observed for the first time within F. sporotrichioides and F. poae species, and highly virulent strains were identified for the first time within these species. Not only symptomatic but also asymptomatic (weakly expressed) infections caused by F. sporotrichioides were shown to be associated with the accumulation of high levels of T-2 toxin in the grains of infected plants. F. sporotrichioides strains were first demonstrated to exhibit intraspecific variability in zearalenone-producing potential. A F. graminearum strain possessing the nivalenol chemotype was first identified in Russia. The study highlights the diversity of the regional FHB pathocomplex and the risks it poses to grain safety.
Keywords: Fusarium head blight; mycotoxins; intraspecific variability of Fusarium spp.; virulence; plant infectious diseases Fusarium head blight; mycotoxins; intraspecific variability of Fusarium spp.; virulence; plant infectious diseases

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chastukhina, I.B.; Ryazanov, E.A.; Ponomarev, S.N.; Ivanova, I.O.; Pavlova, S.Y.; Sakhabutdinov, I.T.; Osipova, E.V.; Ponomareva, M.L.; Gorshkov, V.Y. Fusarium Species Associated with Spikes and Grains of Cereal Crops in the Volga Region: Virulence and Toxin-Producing Potential. J. Fungi 2025, 11, 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120841

AMA Style

Chastukhina IB, Ryazanov EA, Ponomarev SN, Ivanova IO, Pavlova SY, Sakhabutdinov IT, Osipova EV, Ponomareva ML, Gorshkov VY. Fusarium Species Associated with Spikes and Grains of Cereal Crops in the Volga Region: Virulence and Toxin-Producing Potential. Journal of Fungi. 2025; 11(12):841. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120841

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chastukhina, Inna B., Egor A. Ryazanov, Sergey N. Ponomarev, Irina O. Ivanova, Svetlana Y. Pavlova, Ildar T. Sakhabutdinov, Elena V. Osipova, Mira L. Ponomareva, and Vladimir Y. Gorshkov. 2025. "Fusarium Species Associated with Spikes and Grains of Cereal Crops in the Volga Region: Virulence and Toxin-Producing Potential" Journal of Fungi 11, no. 12: 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120841

APA Style

Chastukhina, I. B., Ryazanov, E. A., Ponomarev, S. N., Ivanova, I. O., Pavlova, S. Y., Sakhabutdinov, I. T., Osipova, E. V., Ponomareva, M. L., & Gorshkov, V. Y. (2025). Fusarium Species Associated with Spikes and Grains of Cereal Crops in the Volga Region: Virulence and Toxin-Producing Potential. Journal of Fungi, 11(12), 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120841

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