Molecular Phylogeny and Morphology Reveal Four New Species of Conocybe (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samplings and Morphological Study
2.2. DNA Extraction, PCR and Sequencing
2.3. Phylogenetic Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Phylogeny
3.2. Taxonomy
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Taxon Name | Voucher Number | ITS | nLSU | tef1 | Country of Origin | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conocybe aff. ochrostriata | NL-0830 | JX968236 | JX968354 | JX968447 | Hungary | [54] |
Conocybe alboradicans | NL-3226 | JX968219 | JX968336 | JX968435 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe alboradicans | WU14678 | JX968220 | JX968337 | – | Hungary | [54] |
Conocybe alkovii | 262841 | JQ247196 | – | – | Russia | [55] |
Conocybe alticola | ZRL20240256 | PQ699268 | PQ699292 | PQ836630 | China | This study |
Conocybe alticola | ZRL20240259 | PQ699269 | PQ699293 | PQ836631 | China | This study |
Conocybe alticola | ZRL20240316 | PQ699270 | PQ699294 | PQ836632 | China | This study |
Conocybe alticola | ZRL20240317 | PQ699271 | PQ699295 | PQ836633 | China | This study |
Conocybe alticola | ZRL20240327 | PQ699272 | PQ699296 | PQ836634 | China | This study |
Conocybe alticoprophila | ZRL20220041 | PQ699273 | PQ699297 | PQ836635 | China | This study |
Conocybe alticoprophila | ZRL20220046 | PQ699274 | PQ699298 | PQ836636 | China | This study |
Conocybe alticoprophila | ZRL20220050 | PQ699275 | PQ699299 | PQ836637 | China | This study |
Conocybe ammophila | WU23983 | JX968197 | JX968313 | JX968416 | Mongolia | [19] |
Conocybe anthracophila | WU14367 | JX968212 | JX968329 | JX968430 | Italy | [21] |
Conocybe anthracophila var. ovispora | WU 25461 | JX968237 | JX968355 | – | Italy | [19] |
Conocybe antipus | WU19791 | JX968215 | JX968332 | JX968432 | Austria | [21] |
Conocybe apala | NL-1012 | JX968209 | JX968326 | JX968427 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe aurea | AMO16 | MG663237 | MT237453 | – | USA | Unpublished |
Conocybe aurea | WU28161 | JX968184 | JX968300 | JX968407 | Italy | [21] |
Conocybe bispora | NL-2573 | JX968203 | JX968320 | JX968423 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe bisporigera | HMJAU 45055 | OP526418 | – | – | China | [18] |
Conocybe bisporigera | NL-1904 | JX968235 | JX968353 | JX968446 | Hungary | [19] |
Conocybe brachypodii | HMJAU45017 | MH141423 | – | – | China | [19] |
Conocybe brachypodii | NL-3169 | JX968199 | JX968316 | JX968419 | Hungary | [19] |
Conocybe ceracea | HMJAU64951 | OQ758110 | OQ758218 | OQ758305 | China | [18] |
Conocybe ceracea | HMJAU64952 | OQ758111 | OQ758219 | OQ758306 | China | [18] |
Conocybe ceracea | HMJAU64953 | OQ758112 | OQ758220 | – | China | [18] |
Conocybe cettoiana | WU10436 | JX968218 | JX968335 | – | Italy | [21] |
Conocybe confundens | LE 313077 | NR_155032 | – | – | Russia | [22] |
Conocybe coniferarum | LE 313009 | NR_155030 | – | – | Russia | [22] |
Conocybe crispella | WU27367 | JX968208 | JX968325 | JX968426 | Austria | [21] |
Conocybe cylindracea | WU 20796 | JX968240 | JX968358 | JX968449 | Italy | [21] |
Conocybe cylindrospora | HMJAU42440 | MG250375 | OQ758203 | – | China | [18,19] |
Conocybe cylindrospora | HMJAU42441 | MG250377 | – | – | China | [19] |
Conocybe deliquescens | HMJAU61998 | OP373403 | OQ758204 | OQ758292 | China | [18] |
Conocybe deliquescens | NL-0574 | JX968210 | JX968327 | JX968428 | Hungary | [19] |
Conocybe dumetorum | NL-2693 | JX968201 | JX968318 | JX968421 | Sweden | [21] |
Conocybe dunensis | WU27359 | JX968227 | JX968345 | – | Spain | [21] |
Conocybe echinata | NL-1007 | JX968196 | JX968312 | – | Hungary | [19] |
Conocybe elegans | NL-0908 | JX968223 | JX968341 | JX968437 | Sweden | [21] |
Conocybe enderlei | NL-0165 | JX968161 | JX968277 | JX968389 | Sweden | [21] |
Conocybe enderlei | WU21272 | JX968163 | JX968279 | – | Italy | [21] |
Conocybe farinacea | NL-2173 | JX968167 | JX968283 | – | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe fiorii | WU17793 | JX968217 | JX968334 | JX968434 | Italy | [21] |
Conocybe fuscimarginata | HMJAU 45033 | OQ780310 | OQ758208 | OQ758296 | China | [18] |
Conocybe fuscimarginata | NL-3668 | JX968238 | JX968356 | JX968448 | Sweden | [21] |
Conocybe fuscimarginata | ZRL20235165 | PQ699276 | PQ699300 | PQ821725 | China | This study |
Conocybe fuscimarginata | ZRL20235225 | PQ699277 | PQ699301 | PQ821726 | China | This study |
Conocybe gigasperma | NL-3972 | JX968179 | JX968295 | JX968403 | Slovakia | [21] |
Conocybe graminis | WU13466 | JX968195 | JX968311 | – | Austria | [21] |
Conocybe hausknechtii | LE253789 | JQ247194 | – | – | Russia | [56] |
Conocybe herbarum | WU22193 | JX968193 | JX968309 | – | Austria | [21] |
Conocybe himalayana | HMAS 300530 | PQ099839 | PP968802 | PP992938 | China | [16] |
Conocybe himalayana | HMAS 300531 | PQ099840 | PP968801 | PP992937 | China | [16] |
Conocybe himalayana | HMAS 300532 | PQ099841 | PP968800 | PP992939 | China | [16] |
Conocybe himalayana | HMAS 300534 | PQ099842 | PP968799 | PP992936 | China | [16] |
Conocybe himalayana | HMAS 300535 | PQ099843 | PP968803 | PP992940 | China | [16] |
Conocybe himalayana | ZRL20231801 | PQ699278 | PQ699302 | PQ821727 | China | This study |
Conocybe himalayana | ZRL20240260 | PQ699279 | PQ699303 | PQ821728 | China | This study |
Conocybe himalayana | ZRL20240274 | PQ699280 | PQ699304 | PQ821729 | China | This study |
Conocybe himalayana | ZRL20240279 | PQ699281 | PQ699305 | PQ821730 | China | This study |
Conocybe himalayana | ZRL20240281 | PQ699282 | PQ699306 | PQ821731 | China | This study |
Conocybe himalayana | ZRL20240283 | PQ699283 | PQ699307 | PQ821732 | China | This study |
Conocybe himalayana | ZRL20240288 | PQ699284 | PQ699308 | PQ821733 | China | This study |
Conocybe himalayana | ZRL20240318 | PQ699285 | PQ699309 | PQ821734 | China | This study |
Conocybe himalayana | ZRL20240328 | PQ699286 | PQ699310 | PQ821735 | China | This study |
Conocybe hornana | NL-3499 | JX968178 | JX968294 | JX968402 | Slovakia | [21] |
Conocybe hydrophila | HMJAU 64954 | OQ758116 | OQ758232 | OQ758313 | China | [18] |
Conocybe hydrophila | HMJAU 64955 | OQ758117 | OQ758233 | OQ758314 | China | [18] |
Conocybe incarnata | HMJAU 64968 | OQ780316 | – | – | China | [18] |
Conocybe incarnata | WU 21897 | JX968229 | JX968347 | JX968441 | Finland | [21] |
Conocybe incerta | LE 313017 | NR_155031 | – | – | Russia | [22] |
Conocybe ingridiae | WU 28158 | JX968244 | JX968361 | JX968451 | Italy | [21] |
Conocybe inocybeoides | NL-3589 | JX968202 | JX968319 | JX968422 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe inopinata | WU27544 | JX968165 | JX968281 | JX968392 | Italy | [19] |
Conocybe intrusa | WU25546 | JX968211 | JX968328 | JX968429 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe juniana | NL-2105 | JX968191 | JX968307 | JX968413 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe juniana var. sordescens | NL-2304 | JX968192 | JX968308 | JX968414 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe karakensis | KTK-05 | ON392730 | – | – | Pakistan | [37] |
Conocybe karinae | WU28526 | JX968151 | JX968268 | JX968384 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe lenticulospora | HMJAU 45069 | OQ780317 | – | – | China | [18] |
Conocybe lenticulospora | NL-0923 | JX968242 | JX968359 | JX968450 | Sweden | [21] |
Conocybe leporina | NL-2380 | JX968177 | JX968293 | JX968401 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe lobauensis | WU17826 | JX968176 | JX968292 | JX968400 | Italy | [19] |
Conocybe macrocephala | WU18148 | JX968182 | JX968298 | – | Austria | [19] |
Conocybe macrospora | WU17030 | JX968175 | JX968291 | – | Germany | [19] |
Conocybe merdaria | WU25359 | JX968174 | JX968290 | – | Austria | [19] |
Conocybe mesospora | HMJAU45049 | MH141419 | – | – | China | [57] |
Conocybe microrrhiza | NL-2180 | JX968222 | JX968340 | JX968436 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe microspora | NL-1890 | JX968160 | JX968276 | – | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe monikae | WU22612 | JX968200 | JX968317 | JX968420 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe moseri | GLM-F 40421 | MK412354 | – | – | Germany | [18] |
Conocybe moseri | HMJAU 45075 | OQ780309 | OQ758207 | – | China | [18] |
Conocybe muscicola | HMJAU64939 | OQ758113 | OQ758223 | OQ758309 | China | [18] |
Conocybe muscicola | HMJAU64940 | OQ758115 | OQ758224 | OQ758310 | China | [18] |
Conocybe nigrescens | WU 27557 | JX968234 | JX968352 | JX968445 | Italy | [21] |
Conocybe nitrophila | WANG 140019 | KR998384 | – | – | China | [58] |
Conocybe nitrophila | WU20916 | JX968233 | JX968351 | JX968444 | India | [21] |
Conocybe ochrostriata var. favrei | WU 29786 | JX968245 | JX968362 | JX968452 | Italy | [21] |
Conocybe olivaceopileata | LE 313106 | NR_155028 | – | – | Russia | [22] |
Conocybe pallidospora | WU 7395 | JX968239 | JX968357 | – | Austria | [21] |
Conocybe pallidospora | WU17079 | JX968158 | – | – | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe papillata | NL-2370 | JX968216 | JX968333 | JX968433 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe parapilosella | 90551 | NR_176713 | – | – | Spain | [59] |
Conocybe parapilosella | WU30224 | MN872706 | – | – | Spain | [59] |
Conocybe pilosa | HMJAU 64947 | OQ758122 | OQ758222 | OQ758307 | China | [18] |
Conocybe pilosa | HMJAU 64948 | OQ758123 | OQ758221 | OQ758308 | China | [18] |
Conocybe pilosella | HMJAU 45062 | OQ780305 | OQ758205 | OQ758294 | China | [18] |
Conocybe pilosella | HMJAU 64957 | OQ780306 | OQ758206 | OQ758295 | China | [18] |
Conocybe praticola | HMJAU64965 | OQ780303 | – | – | China | [18] |
Conocybe praticola | LE 313010 | KY614060 | – | – | Russia | [22] |
Conocybe pseudocrispa | HMJAU 64944 | OQ780308 | OQ758211 | OQ758298 | China | [18] |
Conocybe pseudocrispa | WU 18009 | JX968230 | JX968348 | JX968442 | Austria | [21] |
Conocybe pseudocrispa | ZRL20240311 | PQ699287 | PQ699311 | PQ821736 | China | This study |
Conocybe pseudocrispa | ZRL20240319 | PQ699288 | PQ699312 | PQ821737 | China | This study |
Conocybe pubescens | NL-1986 | JX968173 | JX968289 | JX968399 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe pubescens | WU20759 | JX968170 | JX968286 | JX968396 | Italy | [21] |
Conocybe punjabensis | SKP066 | MH981969 | – | – | Pakistan | [54] |
Conocybe punjabensis | SKP069 | MH981968 | – | – | Pakistan | [54] |
Conocybe qujingensis | HKAS 127149 | OQ755415 | – | – | China | [36] |
Conocybe qujingensis | HKAS 128155 | OQ755416 | – | – | China | [36] |
Conocybe qujinguniversitatis | HKAS 128150 | OQ755413 | – | – | China | [36] |
Conocybe qujinguniversitatis | HKAS 128151 | OQ755414 | – | – | China | [36] |
Conocybe reniformis | HMJAU 64942 | OQ758108 | OQ758229 | OQ758311 | China | [18] |
Conocybe reniformis | HMJAU 64943 | OQ758109 | OQ758228 | OQ758312 | China | [18] |
Conocybe rickeniana | NL-2468 | JX968198 | JX968315 | JX968418 | Hungary | [51] |
Conocybe rickenii | AH 21067 | MF142238 | – | – | Spain | [60] |
Conocybe romagnesii | WU26605 | JX968206 | JX968323 | JX968424 | Italy | [19] |
Conocybe rostellata | NL-2499 | JX968162 | JX968278 | JX968390 | Sweden | [21] |
Conocybe rufostipes | HMJAU 64937 | OQ758120 | OQ758227 | OQ758317 | China | [18] |
Conocybe rufostipes | HMJAU 64938 | OQ758121 | OQ758226 | OQ758318 | China | [18] |
Conocybe sabulicola | WU11185 | JX968186 | JX968302 | JX968409 | Italy | [19] |
Conocybe semiglobata | NL-1993 | JX968181 | JX968297 | JX968405 | Hungary | [19] |
Conocybe semiglobata | WU8794 | JX968188 | JX968304 | – | Austria | [21] |
Conocybe semiglobata var. campanulata | NL-3159 | JX968168 | JX968284 | JX968394 | Austria | [21] |
Conocybe semiglobata var. campanulata | WU26395 | JX968169 | JX968285 | JX968395 | Germany | [19] |
Conocybe siennophylla | HMJAU 64966 | OQ780312 | OQ758210 | OQ758297 | China | [18] |
Conocybe siennophylla | NL-1210 | JX968246 | JX968363 | JX968453 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe siennophylla | WU17988 | JX968243 | JX968360 | – | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe siliginea | NL-1211 | JX968159 | JX968275 | – | Sweden | [21] |
Conocybe siliginea | NL-2313 | JX968225 | JX968343 | JX968438 | Sweden | [21] |
Conocybe singeriana | WU22129 | JX968166 | JX968282 | JX968393 | Austria | [21] |
Conocybe sinobispora | HMJAU 64949 | OQ758118 | OQ758230 | OQ758315 | China | [18] |
Conocybe sinobispora | HMJAU 64950 | OQ758119 | OQ758231 | OQ758316 | China | [18] |
Conocybe solitaria | WU20903 | JX968214 | JX968331 | JX968431 | China | [21] |
Conocybe sp. | HMJAU44988 | OQ749737 | – | OQ758302 | China | [18] |
Conocybe sp. | HMJAU64962 | OQ749739 | – | OQ758303 | China | [18] |
Conocybe sp. | HMJAU64967 | OQ749741 | – | – | China | [18] |
Conocybe sp. | HMJAU64964 | OQ749742 | – | – | China | [18] |
Conocybe sp. | HMJAU44994 | OQ749735 | – | – | China | [18] |
Conocybe sp. | NL-1455 | JX968194 | JX968310 | JX968415 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe subovalis | NL-1415 | JX968190 | JX968306 | JX968412 | Hungary | [19] |
Conocybe subpubescens | NL-0162 | JX968189 | JX968305 | JX968411 | Sweden | [19] |
Conocybe subpubescens | NL-2181 | JX968171 | JX968287 | JX968397 | Hungary | [19] |
Conocybe subxerophytica | NL-0164 | JX968187 | JX968303 | JX968410 | Sweden | [19] |
Conocybe tenera | NL- | JX968185 | JX968301 | JX968408 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe tenera | NL-1615 | JX968180 | JX968296 | JX968404 | Hungary | [19] |
Conocybe tetrasporoides | WU 17385 | JX968232 | JX968350 | – | New Zealand | [21] |
Conocybe turkestanica | H 7034981 | MH055382 | – | – | Turkestan | [19] |
Conocybe tuxlaensis | NL-1897 | JX968164 | JX968280 | JX968391 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe vaginata | WU25703 | JX968204 | JX968321 | – | Sri Lanka | [21] |
Conocybe velutinomarginata | WU 28695 | JX968226 | JX968344 | JX968439 | Germany | [21] |
Conocybe velutipes | HMJAU 45048 | OQ780311 | OQ758209 | – | China | [18] |
Conocybe velutipes | NL-2187 | JX968228 | JX968346 | JX968440 | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybe versicolor | ZRL20152517 | PQ699289 | PQ699313 | PQ836638 | China | This study |
Conocybe versicolor | ZRL20220299 | PQ699290 | PQ699314 | PQ836639 | China | This study |
Conocybe volvata | WU20900 | JX968205 | JX968322 | – | India | [19] |
Conocybe volvicystidiata | 1212 | KY346827 | – | – | France | [61] |
Conocybe watlingi | WU22744 | JX968172 | JX968288 | JX968398 | Finland | [21] |
Conocybe yadongensis | ZRL20220042 | PQ699291 | PQ699315 | PQ836640 | China | This study |
Conocybe zeylanica | WU20185 | JX968207 | JX968324 | JX968425 | La Re’union | [21] |
Conocybe zuccherellii | WU12421 | JX968213 | JX968330 | – | Italy | [21] |
Bolbitius coprophilus | HMJAU64958 | OQ780315 | OQ758216 | – | China | [18] |
Bolbitius reticulatus | WU30001 | JX968249 | JX968366 | JX968455 | Hungary | [21] |
Bolbitius subvolvatus | WU28379 | JX968248 | JX968365 | JX968454 | Italy | [21] |
Conobolbitina micheliana | HMJAU65015 | OR995677 | OR994080 | PP000869 | China | [62] |
Conobolbitina micheliana | HMJAU65016 | OR995678 | OR994081 | PP000870 | China | [62] |
Conobolbitina ochroleuca | HMJAU65017 | OR995679 | OR994082 | PP000871 | China | [62] |
Conobolbitina ochroleuca | HMJAU65018 | OR995680 | OR994083 | PP000872 | China | [62] |
Conocybula coprophila | SZMC-NL-2176 | JX968156 | JX968273 | – | Hungary | [21] |
Conocybula cyanopus | WU2134 | JX968157 | JX968274 | JX968388 | Austria | [21] |
Galerella nigeriensis | CNF1/5859 | JX968251 | JX968368 | JX968457 | Nigeria | [21] |
Descolea antarctica | NZ5182 | AF325647 | – | – | USA | [63] |
Descolea quercina | HMJAU64959 | OQ780313 | OQ758213 | OQ758299 | China | [18] |
Pholiotina changbaishanensis | HMJAU65101 | OR995689 | OR994092 | PP000881 | China | [62] |
Pholiotina changbaishanensis | HMJAU65102 | OR995690 | OR994093 | PP000882 | China | [62] |
Pholiotina serrata | HMJAU42442 | MG250376 | – | – | China | [19] |
Pholiotina serrata | HMJAU62006 | OP538570 | OQ758217 | OQ758301 | China | [18] |
Pholiotina eburnea | HMJAU65034 | OR995693 | OR994096 | PP000885 | China | [62] |
Pholiotina eburnea | HMJAU65035 | OR995694 | OR994097 | PP000886 | China | [62] |
Pholiotina excrescenticystidiata | HMJAU65021 | OR995695 | OR994098 | PP000887 | China | [21] |
Pholiotina excrescenticystidiata | HMJAU65022 | OR995696 | OR994099 | PP000888 | China | [62] |
Pholiotina pleurocystidiata | WU40666 | NR_176740 | – | – | Austria | [64] |
Candolleomyces sichuanicus | HMAS 287616 | PP734617 | PP734628 | PP729330 | China | [46] |
Candolleomyces sichuanicus | HMAS 287617 | PP734618 | PP734629 | PP729331 | China | [46] |
Candolleomyces singeri | HMJUA37867 | MG734718 | MW301088 | MW314077 | China | [65] |
Candolleomyces singeri | HMJAU37877 | MW301073 | MW301091 | MW314080 | China | [11] |
Psathyrella piluliformis | HMJAU37922 | MG734716 | MW413364 | MW411001 | China | [65] |
Psathyrella amygdalinospora | HMJAU37952 | MW405104 | MW413361 | MW410999 | China | [66] |
Psathyrella amygdalinospora | HMJAU57044 | MW405105 | – | – | China | [66] |
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Han, X.-X.; Phurbu, D.; Cao, B.; Li, J.-X.; Zhu, X.-Y.; Liu, L.-H.; Thongklang, N.; Hyde, K.D.; Zhao, R.-L. Molecular Phylogeny and Morphology Reveal Four New Species of Conocybe (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China. J. Fungi 2025, 11, 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11010045
Han X-X, Phurbu D, Cao B, Li J-X, Zhu X-Y, Liu L-H, Thongklang N, Hyde KD, Zhao R-L. Molecular Phylogeny and Morphology Reveal Four New Species of Conocybe (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China. Journal of Fungi. 2025; 11(1):45. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11010045
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Xi-Xi, Dorji Phurbu, Bin Cao, Jia-Xin Li, Xin-Yu Zhu, Lin-Hui Liu, Naritsada Thongklang, Kevin D. Hyde, and Rui-Lin Zhao. 2025. "Molecular Phylogeny and Morphology Reveal Four New Species of Conocybe (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China" Journal of Fungi 11, no. 1: 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11010045
APA StyleHan, X.-X., Phurbu, D., Cao, B., Li, J.-X., Zhu, X.-Y., Liu, L.-H., Thongklang, N., Hyde, K. D., & Zhao, R.-L. (2025). Molecular Phylogeny and Morphology Reveal Four New Species of Conocybe (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China. Journal of Fungi, 11(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11010045