Population Older than 69 Had Similar Fatality Rates Independently If They Were Admitted in Nursing Homes or Lived in the Community: A Retrospective Observational Study during COVID-19 First Wave
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Data Collection
3. Results
3.1. Sample Distribution
3.2. Symptoms and Comorbidities Distribution
3.3. Mortality Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mean Age | Male | Deaths | |
---|---|---|---|
Total patients COVID-19+ n = 211 (100%) | 70 | 86 (40.75%) | 51 (100%) |
Nursing home patients COVID-19+ n = 108 (51.18%) | 86 | 42 (38.89%) | 41 (80.39%) |
Total community patients COVID-19+ n = 103 (48.81%) | 53.78 | 44 (42.71%) | 10 (19.60%) |
Community patients over 69 years of age COVID-19+ n = 25 (24.27%) | 79.04 | 18 (72.00%) | 8 (15.68%) |
Symptom or Comorbidity | Total Patients (n = 211) | Nursing Home Patients (n = 108) | Community Patients (n = 103) | Community Patients over 69 Years of Age (n = 25) | Community Patients in Comparison to Nursing Home Patients. X2 Value and Resulting p-Value of This Analysis | Community Patients over 69 Years of Age in Comparison to Nursing Home Patients X2 Value and Resulting p-Value of This Analysis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fever | 128 (60.66%) | 61 (56.48%) | 67 (65.04%) | 19 (76%) | 1.621 (p = 0.202) | 3.22 (p = 0.072) |
Odynophagia | 9 (4.26%) | 4 (3.70%) | 5 (4.85%) | 0 | 0.170 (p = 0.679) | 0.954 (p = 0.328) |
Expectoration | 5 (2.36%) | 4 (3.70%) | 1 (0.97%) | 1 (4%) | 1.701 (p = 0.192) | 0.004 (p = 0.944) |
Cough | 73 (34.6%) | 26 (24.07%) | 47 (45.63%) | 11 (44%) | 10.827 (p = 0.001) | 4.014 (p = 0.045) |
Headache | 16 (7.58%) | 2 (1.85%) | 14 (13.59%) | 4 (16%) | 10.369 (p = 0.001) | 9.433 (p = 0.002) |
Dyspnoea | 75 (35.54%) | 46 (42.59%) | 29 (28.15%) | 11 (44%) | 4.796 (p = 0.028) | 0.016 (p = 0.898) |
Anosmia | 15 (7.1%) | 0 | 15 (14.56%) | 0 | 16.931 (p < 0.001) | 0 |
Asthenia | 34 (16.1%) | 3 (2.77%) | 31 (30.09%) | 9 (36%) | 29.109 (p < 0.001) | 27.29 (p < 0.01) |
Diarrhoea | 11 (5.21%) | 1 (0.92%) | 10 (9.70%) | 4 (16%) | 8.229 (p = 0.004) | 12.74 (p < 0.001 |
Obesity | 47 (22.27%) | 25 (23.14%) | 22 (21.35%) | 10 (40%) | 0.097 (p = 0.754) | 2.073 (p = 0.084) |
Arterial hypertension | 108 (51.18%) | 79 (73.14%) | 29 (28.15%) | 17 (68%) | 42.71 (p < 0.001) | 0.267 (p = 0.604) |
Diabetes | 58 (27.48%) | 44 (40.74%) | 14 (13.59%) | 9 (36%) | 19.497 (p < 0.001) | 0.190 (p = 0.662) |
COPD | 45 (21.32%) | 33 (30.55%) | 12 (11.65%) | 8 (32%) | 11.229 (p < 0.001) | 0.019 (p = 0.887) |
Heart disease | 62 (29.38%) | 46 (42.59%) | 16 (15.53%) | 11 (44%) | 18.602 (p < 0.001) | 0.016 (p = 0.898) |
Chronic renal failure | 48 (22.74%) | 42 (38.88%) | 6 (5.82%) | 6 (24%) | 32.795 (p < 0.001) | 1.951 (p = 0.162) |
Neoplasia’s history | 22 (10.42%) | 17 (15.74%) | 5 (4.86%) | 3 (12%) | 6.689 (p = 0.009) | 0.309 (p = 0.577) |
Neurological pathologies | 53 (25.11%) | 48 (44.44%) | 5 (4.86%) | 3 (12%) | 43.932 (p < 0.001) | 9.038 (p = 0.002) |
Total Population | Specific Mortality Rate | Case Fatality Rate |
---|---|---|
Total population over 20 years (n = 22.458) Total infected patients over 20 years (n = 211) | 2.270/00 | 24.17% |
Total population admitted in nursing homes (n = 406) Total infected patients admitted in nursing homes (n = 108) | 1010/00 | 37.96% |
Total population living in community (n = 22.052) Total infected patients living in community (n = 103) | 0.450/00 | 9.70% |
Total population living in community over 69 years (n = 4005) Total infected patients living in community over 69 years (n = 25) | 20/00 | 32% |
Mortality in Interest Group | Mortality in Comparison Group | Chi-Square |
---|---|---|
Nursing home patients (n = 108) 41 | Community patients (n = 103) 10 | 22.96 (p < 0.001) |
Nursing home patients over 69 years (n = 107) 40 | Community patients over 69 years (n = 25) 8 | 0.253 (p = 0.614) |
Community patients under 69 years (n = 78) 2 | Community patients over 69 years (n = 25) 8 | 18.713 (p < 0.001) |
Symptoms and Comorbidities | Total Patients n = 211 | Deceased Patients n = 51 | Non-Deceased Patients n = 160 | Chi-Square n = 25 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fever | 128 (60.66%) | 37 (72.54%) | 91 (56.87%) | 3.981 (p = 0.046) |
Odynophagia | 9 (4.26%) | 2 (3.92%) | 7 (4.37%) | 0.019 (p = 0.889) |
Expectoration | 5 (2.36%) | 3 (5.88%) | 2 (1.25%) | 3.587 (p = 0.058) |
Cough | 73 (34.59%) | 12 (23.52%) | 61 (38.12%) | 3.640 (p = 0.056) |
Headache | 16 (07.58%) | 3 (5.88%) | 13 (8.12%) | 0.277 (p = 0.598) |
Dyspnoea | 75 (35.54%) | 36 (70.58%) | 39 (24.37%) | 36.05 (p < 0.001) |
Anosmia | 15 (7.10%) | 1 (1.96%) | 14 (8.75%) | 2.699 (p = 0.100) |
Asthenia | 34 (16.11%) | 3 (5.88%) | 31 (19.37%) | 5.208 (p = 0.022) |
Diarrhoea | 11 (5.21%) | 3 (5.88%) | 8 (5.00%) | 0.060 (p = 0.805) |
Obesity | 47(22.27%) | 13 (25.49%) | 34 (21.25%) | 0.401 (p = 0.526) |
Arterial hypertension | 108 (51.18%) | 40 (78.43%) | 68 (42.50%) | 19.982 (p < 0.001) |
Diabetes | 58 (27.48%) | 27 (52.94%) | 31(19.37%) | 21.86 (p < 0.001) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 45(21.32%) | 16 (31.37%) | 29 (18.12%) | 4.045 (p = 0.044) |
Heart disease | 62(29.38%) | 23 (45.09%) | 39 (24.37%) | 8.003 (p = 0.004) |
Chronic renal failure | 48(22.74%) | 22(43.13%) | 26 (16.25%) | 15.908 (p < 0.001) |
Neoplasm history | 22 (10.42%) | 13 (25.49%) | 9 (5.62%) | 16.340 (p < 0.001) |
Neurological pathologies | 53 (21.11%) | 21 (41.17%) | 32 (2.00%) | 9.220 (p = 0.002) |
Symptoms and Comorbidities | Association (X2) of Symptoms and Comorbidities with Mortality in Nursing Home Patients (n = 108) | Association (X2) of Symptoms and Comorbidities with Mortality in Community Patients over 69 Years of Age (n = 25) |
---|---|---|
Fever | 3.750 (p = 0.052) | 0.853 (p = 0.355) |
Odynophagia | 0.296 (p = 0.586) | Insufficient sample |
Expectoration | 2.419 (p = 0.119) | 0.490 (p = 0.483) |
Cough | 0.162 (p = 0.686) | 0.201 (p = 0.653) |
Headache | 0.125 (p = 0.723) | 0.709 (p = 0.399) |
Dyspnoea | 24.465 (p < 0.01) | 0.171 (p = 0.678) |
Anosmia | Insufficient sample | Insufficient sample |
Asthenia | 1.805 (p = 0.179) | 0.011 (p = 0.914) |
Diarrhoea | 1.164 (p = 0.199) | 0.709 (p = 0.399) |
Obesity | 0.053 (p = 0.817) | 0.490 (p = 0.483) |
Arterial hypertension | 1.812 (p = 0.178) | 0.163 (p = 0.685) |
Diabetes | 3.005 (p = 0.082) | 3.585 (p = 0.058) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0.041 (p = 0.838) | 0.163 (p = 0.685) |
Heart disease | 0.046 (p = 0.829) | 0.171 (0.678) |
Chronic renal failure | 1.969 (p = 0.160) | 1.175 (p = 0.278) |
Neoplasm history | 3.727 (p = 0.053) | 7.244 (p = 0.007) |
Neurological pathologies | 0.096 (p = 0.756) | 1.882 (p = 0.170) |
Hospital Admissions n (%) | Deceased Patients n (%) | X2 | |
---|---|---|---|
Total sample (n = 211) | 51 (24.17%) | 18 (35.29%) | 4.540 (p = 0.033) |
Total patients over 69 years of age (n = 132) | 35 (26.51%) | 16 (45.47%) | 1.799 (p = 0.179) |
Nursing home patients (n = 108) | 19 (17.59%) | 10 (52.63%) | 2.106 (p = 0.146) |
Community patients over 69 (n = 25) | 16 (64.00%) | 6 (37.5%) | 0.617 (p = 0.431) |
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Martínez-Redondo, J.; Comas, C.; García-Serrano, C.; Crespo-Pons, M.; Biendicho Palau, P.; Vila Parrot, T.; Reventoz Martínez, F.; Aran Solé, L.; Arola Serra, N.; Tarragona Tassies, E.; et al. Population Older than 69 Had Similar Fatality Rates Independently If They Were Admitted in Nursing Homes or Lived in the Community: A Retrospective Observational Study during COVID-19 First Wave. Geriatrics 2023, 8, 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8030048
Martínez-Redondo J, Comas C, García-Serrano C, Crespo-Pons M, Biendicho Palau P, Vila Parrot T, Reventoz Martínez F, Aran Solé L, Arola Serra N, Tarragona Tassies E, et al. Population Older than 69 Had Similar Fatality Rates Independently If They Were Admitted in Nursing Homes or Lived in the Community: A Retrospective Observational Study during COVID-19 First Wave. Geriatrics. 2023; 8(3):48. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8030048
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartínez-Redondo, Javier, Carles Comas, Cristina García-Serrano, Montserrat Crespo-Pons, Pilar Biendicho Palau, Teresa Vila Parrot, Francisco Reventoz Martínez, Lídia Aran Solé, Neus Arola Serra, Eva Tarragona Tassies, and et al. 2023. "Population Older than 69 Had Similar Fatality Rates Independently If They Were Admitted in Nursing Homes or Lived in the Community: A Retrospective Observational Study during COVID-19 First Wave" Geriatrics 8, no. 3: 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8030048