Bacterial Contamination of the Surgical Site at the Time of Elective Caesarean Section in Belgian Blue Cows—Part 1: Identified by Bacterial Culture
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals Description and Samples Utilisation
2.2. Caesarean Section Realisation
2.2.1. Cow Preparation for Caesarean Section
2.2.2. Operator and Material Preparation
2.2.3. Surgical Procedure
2.3. Samples Taken
2.4. Bacterial Culture and Laboratory Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Origin of the Sample (Farm) | Positive Samples | Number of Species in Each Sample | Bacterium 1 | Bacterium 2 | Bacterium 3 | Bacterium 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A (6/7 positive) | 1 | 1 | Pseudomonas sp. | / | / | / |
2 | 1 | Psychrobacter sp. | / | / | / | |
3 | 1 | Aerococcus viridans | / | / | / | |
4 | 2 | Aerococcus viridans | Psychrobacter sp. | / | ||
5 | 2 | Pseudomonas sp. | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | / | / | |
6 | 2 | Acinetobacter sp. | Psychrobacter sp. | / | / | |
C (3/5 positive) | 14 | 2 | Escherichia coli | Acinetobacter sp. | / | / |
15 | 2 | Acinetobacter sp. | Pseudomonas fluorescens | / | / | |
16 | More than 4 | / | / | |||
D (1/5 positive) | 19 | 2 | Actinomyces sp. | Streptococcus sp. | / | / |
E (1/4 positive) | 24 | 1 | Acinetobacter sp. | / | / | / |
F (1/4 positive) | 28 | 1 | Bacillus licheniformis | / | / | / |
G (1/4 positive) | 32 | 1 | Mannheimia sp. | / | / | / |
H (2/4 positive) | 36 | 3 | Acinetobacter lwoffii | Aerococcus viridans | Pseudomonas sp. | / |
37 | 3 | Aerococcus viridans | Pantoea agglomerans | Staphylococcus lentus | / | |
G (1/4 positive) | 44 | More than 4 | / | / | / | / |
M (1/3 positive) | 56 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens | / | / | / |
N (1/3 positive) | 59 | 1 | Streptococcus pluranimalium | / | / | / |
S (1/1 positive) | 70 | 1 | Pseudomonas sp. | / | / | / |
W (1/1 positive) | 74 | 4 | Acinetobacter sp. | Corynebacterium stationis | Escherichia coli | Staphylococcus succinus |
Y (1/1 positive) | 76 | 1 | Acinetobacter sp. | / | / | / |
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Djebala, S.; Coria, E.; Munaut, F.; Gille, L.; Eppe, J.; Moula, N.; Taminiau, B.; Daube, G.; Bossaert, P. Bacterial Contamination of the Surgical Site at the Time of Elective Caesarean Section in Belgian Blue Cows—Part 1: Identified by Bacterial Culture. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9120687
Djebala S, Coria E, Munaut F, Gille L, Eppe J, Moula N, Taminiau B, Daube G, Bossaert P. Bacterial Contamination of the Surgical Site at the Time of Elective Caesarean Section in Belgian Blue Cows—Part 1: Identified by Bacterial Culture. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(12):687. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9120687
Chicago/Turabian StyleDjebala, Salem, Elise Coria, Florian Munaut, Linde Gille, Justine Eppe, Nassim Moula, Bernard Taminiau, Georges Daube, and Philippe Bossaert. 2022. "Bacterial Contamination of the Surgical Site at the Time of Elective Caesarean Section in Belgian Blue Cows—Part 1: Identified by Bacterial Culture" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 12: 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9120687