Antibiotic Use in Relation with Psychological Profiles of Farmers of a French Pig Cooperative
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Aims of This Study
2. Study Design: Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Work Motivation
2.3.2. Attitude towards Medicine
2.3.3. Locus of Control
2.3.4. Indicators for Antimicrobial Consumption
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Objective 1: Identify Participants’ Sub-Profiles According to Their Responses to the Questionnaires
3.2. Objective 2: Identify any Differences in Questionnaire Scores across the Clusters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. WEIMS (Original Version)
Work motivation Why Do You Do Your Work? | Dimension |
1. Because this is the type of work I chose to do to attain a certain lifestyle. | Identified regulation |
2. For the income it provides me. | External regulation |
3. I ask myself this question, I don’t seem to be able to manage the important tasks related to this work. | Amotivation |
4. Because I derive much pleasure from learning new things. | Intrinsic motivation |
5. Because it has become a fundamental part of who I am. | Integrated regulation |
6. Because I want to succeed at this job;if not I would be very ashamed of myself. | Introjected regulation |
7. Because I chose this type of work to attain my career goals. | Identified regulation |
8. For the satisfaction I experience from taking on interesting challenges. | Intrinsic motivation |
9. Because it allows me to earn money. | External regulation |
10. Because it is part of the way in which I have chosen to live my life | Integrated regulation |
11. Because I want to be very good at this work, otherwise I would be very disappointed. | Introjected regulation |
12. I don’t know why, we are provided with unrealistic working conditions. | Amotivation |
13. Because I want to be a “winner” in life | Introjected regulation |
14. Because it is the type of work I have chosen to attain certain important objectives. | Identified regulation |
15. For the satisfaction I experience when I am successful at doing difficult tasks. | Intrinsic motivation |
16. Because this type of work provides me with security. | External regulation |
17. I don’t know, too much is expected of us. | Amotivation |
18. Because this job is a part of my life. | Integrated regulation |
Appendix B. CACMAS (Original Version)
Complementary, Alternative, and Conventional Medicine Attitudes Scale | Dimension |
1. The health of my body, mind, and spirit are related, and whoever cares for my health should take them into account. | Philosophical congruence with complementary and alternative medicine |
2. I have a more equal relationship with my complementary practitioner than with my doctor. | Philosophical congruence with complementary and alternative medicine |
3. Effects of complementary therapies are usually the result of a placebo effect. (Reverse scored | Philosophical congruence with complementary and alternative medicine |
4. I feel that complementary treatment is a more natural form of healing than orthodox medicine. | Philosophical congruence with complementary and alternative medicine |
5. Complementary therapies are a threat to public health. (Reverse scored) | Philosophical congruence with complementary and alternative medicine |
6. I feel so relaxed after complementary treatment sessions. | Philosophical congruence with complementary and alternative medicine |
7. I believe that complementary medicine enables me to take a more active part in maintaining my health. | Philosophical congruence with complementary and alternative medicine |
8. Most complementary therapies stimulate the body’s natural therapeutic powers. | Philosophical congruence with complementary and alternative medicine |
9. Complementary therapies include ideas and methods from which conventional medicine could benefit. | Philosophical congruence with complementary and alternative medicine |
10. Treatments not tested in a scientifically recognized manner should be discouraged. (Reverse scored) | Philosophical congruence with complementary and alternative medicine |
11. I believe that complementary therapy will be more effective for my problem than orthodox medicine. | Philosophical congruence with complementary and alternative medicine |
12. The explanation of my illness that I was given by my complementary practitioner made sense. | Philosophical congruence with complementary and alternative medicine |
13.I value the emphasis on treating the whole person. | Philosophical congruence with complementary and alternative medicine |
14. The last time I went to see a medical doctor, I was very satisfied with the care I received. | Dissatisfaction with conventional medicine |
15. The last time I had important questions about my health care and I asked a medical doctor about them, I understood the answer. (Reverse scored) | Dissatisfaction with conventional medicine |
16. I have a lot of confidence in the medical doctor I see most often for my health care. (Reverse scored) | Dissatisfaction with conventional medicine |
17. I don’t trust doctors and hospitals, so I use them as little as possible. | Dissatisfaction with conventional medicine |
18. The last time I saw a medical doctor, he or she did not understand my problem. | Dissatisfaction with conventional medicine |
19. The last time I saw a medical doctor, he or she did not give me enough time. | Dissatisfaction with conventional medicine |
Appendix C. Locus of Control Scale (Originale Version)
Item | Dimension |
1. Whether or not I get to be a leader depends mostly on my ability. | Internal |
2. To a great extent my life is controlled by accidental happenings. | Chance |
3. I feel like what happens in my life is mostly determined by powerful people. | Powerful others |
4. My behavior will determine when I am ready to leave the hospital. | Internal |
5. When I make plans, I am almost certain to make them work. | Internal |
6. Often there is no chance of protecting my personal interests from bad luck happenings. | Chance |
7. When I get what I want, it’s usually because I’m lucky. | Chance |
8. Even if I were a good leader, I would not be made a leader unless I play up to those in positions of power | Powerful others |
9. How many friends I have depends on how nice a person I am. | Internal |
10. I have often found that what is going to happen will happen. | Chance |
11. My life is chiefly controlled by powerful others | Powerful others |
12. It is impossible for anyone to say how long I’ll be in the hospital. | Chance |
13. People like myself have very little chance of protecting our personal interests when they conflict with those of powerful other people | Powerful others |
14. It’s not always wise for me to plan too far ahead because many things turn out to be a matter of good or bad fortune | Chance |
15. Getting what I want means I have to please those people above me. | Powerful others |
16. Whether or not I get to be a leader depends on whether I’m lucky enough to be in the right place at the right time. | Chance |
17. If important people were to decide they didn’t like me, I probably wouldn’t make many friends. | Powerful others |
18. I can pretty much determine what will happen in my life. | Internal |
19. I am usually able to protect my personal interests. | Internal |
20. How soon I leave the hospital depends on other people who have power over me. | Powerful others |
21. When I get what I want, it’s usually because I worked hard for it. | Internal |
22. In order to have my plans work, I make sure that they fit in with the desires of people who have power over me. | Powerful others |
23. My life is determined by my own actions. | Internal |
24. It’s chiefly a matter of fate whether or not I have a few friends or many friends. | Chance |
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N | Gender | Age | ALEA ª | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cluster A | 28 | 27 men | 46.21 (10.49) b | 0.37 (0.31) |
Cluster B | 34 | 30 men | 49.52 (9.27) | 0.65 (0.46) |
Cluster C | 26 | 24 men | 50.31 (8.89) | 0.51 (0.41) |
IM | A | CCAM | DMC | I | C | OA | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cluster A | 6.02 (0.63) b | 2.23 (0.80) | 4.82 (0.69) | 2.51 (0.76) | 4.81 (0.77) | 3.04 (1.01) | 2.72 (0.86) |
Cluster B | 5.24 (1.06) | 4.26 (0.90) | 4.66 (0.79) | 3.29 (1.05) | 5.12 (0.86) | 3.68 (1.03) | 4.19 (1.19) |
Cluster C | 5.47 (0.77) | 4.47 (0.81) | 5.02 (1.10) | 2.52 (0.83) | 4.82 (1.11) | 2.65 (0.74) | 2.77 (0.94) |
F-Statistic | p-Value | η·p | Differences between Groups (LSD) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
IM | 6.65 | 0.002 | 0.14 | A > B, C |
A | 61.32 | <0.001 | 0.59 | A < B, C |
CCAM | 1.24 | 0.295 | 0.03 | N.S |
DMC | 6.24 | 0.001 | 0.15 | A, C < B |
I | 1.91 | 0.324 | 0.03 | N.S |
C | 16.40 | <0.001 | 0.18 | A, C < B |
OA | 43.64 | <0.001 | 0.33 | A, C < B |
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David, J.-C.; Buchet, A.; Sialelli, J.-N.; Delouvée, S. Antibiotic Use in Relation with Psychological Profiles of Farmers of a French Pig Cooperative. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010014
David J-C, Buchet A, Sialelli J-N, Delouvée S. Antibiotic Use in Relation with Psychological Profiles of Farmers of a French Pig Cooperative. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010014
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid, Jean-Charles, Arnaud Buchet, Jean-Noël Sialelli, and Sylvain Delouvée. 2022. "Antibiotic Use in Relation with Psychological Profiles of Farmers of a French Pig Cooperative" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 1: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010014
APA StyleDavid, J. -C., Buchet, A., Sialelli, J. -N., & Delouvée, S. (2022). Antibiotic Use in Relation with Psychological Profiles of Farmers of a French Pig Cooperative. Veterinary Sciences, 9(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010014