Analysis of the Hip Status of Golden Retrievers in Brazil—A Study of Health and Genetic Improvement
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Population Structure and Inbreeding
3.2. Estimated Breeding Values
3.3. Correlation Between Hip Scores and EBV
3.4. Popular Sires
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
EBV | Estimated breeding value |
HD | Canine hip dysplasia |
FCI | Federación Cynologique Internationale |
CBKC | Confederação brasileira de cinofilia |
OFA | Orthopedic foundation for animals |
F | Coefficient of inbreeding |
DI | Distraction index |
USA | United States of America |
NI | Not informed |
DIC | Deviance information criterion |
CI | Credible interval |
SD | Standard deviation |
PSD | Posterior standard deviation |
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N | |
---|---|
Sample size | |
Total phenotyped sample | 1686 |
Sample with phenotype | 951 |
Phenotype–* FCI scores | |
Total scores | 951 |
A (=score 1) | 667 |
B (=score 2) | 249 |
C (=score 3) | 35 |
with phenotypes by continent | |
South America | 238 A|84 B|23 C |
North America | 256 A|101 B|1 C |
Europe | 60 A|22 B|2 C |
Unknown | 113 A|42 B|9 C |
* Model | ** Source of Score | Sex | Origin | *** F | (F)2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | X | ||||
Model 2 | X | ||||
Model 3 | X | ||||
Model 4 | X | X | |||
Model 5 | X | X | X | ||
Model 6 | X | X | X | X | |
Model 7 | X | X | X | X | |
Model 8 | X | X | X | ||
Model 9 | X | X | X | ||
Model 10 | X | X | X | ||
Model 11 | X | X | |||
Model 12 | X | X |
Models * | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | PSD | Model 7 | PSD | |
0.111 (0.001–0.226) | 0.06 | 0.110 (0.000–0.225) | 0.06 | |
0.592 (0.417–0.774) | 0.09 | 0.617 (0.433–0.812) | 0.09 | |
0.15 (0.00–0.30) | 0.08 | 0.15 (0.00–0.29) | 0.08 | |
DIC | −4059.8707 | −3784.9228 | ||
Model 2 | PSD | Model 8 | PSD | |
0.108 (0.000–0.218) | 0.06 | 0.147 (0.039–0.267) | 0.05 | |
0.889 (0.322–1.030) | 0.09 | 0.515 (0.369–0.674) | 0.08 | |
0.15 (0.00–0.32) | 0.07 | 0.22 (0.00–0.39) | 0.08 | |
DIC | −3976.0520 | −3107.6766 | ||
Model 3 | PSD | Model 9 | PSD | |
0.101 (0.000–0.216) | 0.06 | 0.115 (0.003–0.250) | 0.06 | |
0.610 (0.441–0.813) | 0.09 | 0.595 (0.414–0.778) | 0.09 | |
0.14 (0.01–0.31) | 0.08 | 0.16 (0.00–0.30) | 0.08 | |
DIC | −3856.8272 | −4030.0710 | ||
Model 4 | PSD | Model 10 | PSD | |
0.144 (0.012–0.257) | 0.05 | 0.108 (0.008–0.229) | 0.06 | |
0.507 (0.263–0.659) | 0.07 | 0.602 (0.433–0.798) | 0.09 | |
0.22 (0.07–0.38) | 0.07 | 0.15 (0.00–0.34) | 0.08 | |
DIC | −3197.3772 | −3945.1840 | ||
Model 5 | PSD | Model 11 | PSD | |
0.111 (0.003–0.224) | 0.06 | 0.108 (0.001–0.224) | 0.06 | |
0.603 (0.433–0.804) | 0.09 | 0.614 (0.436–0.812) | 0.09 | |
0.15 (0.02–0.33) | 0.08 | 0.15 (0.00–0.29) | 0.08 | |
DIC | −3926.4168 | −3821.3597 | ||
Model 6 | PSD | Model 12 | PSD | |
0.106 (0.000–0.221) | 0.06 | 0.145 (0.038–0.253) | 0.05 | |
0.610 (0.431–0.806) | 0.09 | 0.511 (0.366–0.671) | 0.08 | |
0.15 (0.00–0.29) | 0.08 | 0.22 (0.06–0.36) | 0.07 | |
DIC | −3843.6259 | −3155.3374 |
Number of Offsprings | ** EBV | EBV of Offspring | Accuracy | Hip Score | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Best males | |||||
S.1 | 16 | −0.206 | −0.03 ± 0.32 | 0.34 | A |
S.2 | 17 | −0.135 | −0.01 ± 0.31 | 0.51 | * NI |
S.3 | 52 | −0.064 | −0.02 ± 0.31 | 0.62 | A |
S.4 | 15 | −0.022 | −0.01 ± 0.29 | 0.68 | A |
Mean EBV | |||||
of offspring | −0.02 ± 0.30 | ||||
Worst males | |||||
S.5 | 17 | −0.002 | 0.00 ± 0.29 | 0.65 | B |
S.6 | 25 | 0.080 | 0.02 ± 0.31 | 0.57 | * NI |
S.7 | 25 | 0.128 | 0.06 ± 0.30 | 0.49 | * NI |
Mean EBV | |||||
of offspring | 0.02 ± 0.30 |
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Pinto Coelho Ribeiro Jardim, L.; Michelsen de Andrade, F.; Tyska, D.U.; Cobuci, J.A. Analysis of the Hip Status of Golden Retrievers in Brazil—A Study of Health and Genetic Improvement. Vet. Sci. 2025, 12, 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12080746
Pinto Coelho Ribeiro Jardim L, Michelsen de Andrade F, Tyska DU, Cobuci JA. Analysis of the Hip Status of Golden Retrievers in Brazil—A Study of Health and Genetic Improvement. Veterinary Sciences. 2025; 12(8):746. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12080746
Chicago/Turabian StylePinto Coelho Ribeiro Jardim, Luiza, Fabiana Michelsen de Andrade, Darilene Ursula Tyska, and Jaime Araújo Cobuci. 2025. "Analysis of the Hip Status of Golden Retrievers in Brazil—A Study of Health and Genetic Improvement" Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 8: 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12080746
APA StylePinto Coelho Ribeiro Jardim, L., Michelsen de Andrade, F., Tyska, D. U., & Cobuci, J. A. (2025). Analysis of the Hip Status of Golden Retrievers in Brazil—A Study of Health and Genetic Improvement. Veterinary Sciences, 12(8), 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12080746