An ELISA to Detect Antibodies to Bovine Alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Cattle Sera
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection of Samples
2.2. Cells
2.3. Viruses
2.4. Serum Neutralization Tests (SN)
2.5. Antigen Preparation
2.6. Optimization of the Assays
2.7. Preparative, “Single Antigens” ELISAs (sAgELISAs)
2.8. Multiple Antigen ELISA (mAgELISA)
2.9. Determination of the Cut-Off Points of sAgELISAs and mAgELISA
2.10. Sensitivity and Statistical Analyses
3. Results
Comparisons between SN, sAgELISA, and mAgELISA
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Virus Strains | SN | sAgELISAs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Positive Sera | Sensitivity a | Number of Positive Sera | Sensitivity a | |
BoAHV-1.1 (LA) | 236 | 91.1 | 237 | 91.5 |
BoAHV-1.2a (SV265/96) | 244 | 94.2 | 247 | 95.4 |
BoAHV-1.2b (PG1779/03) | 241 | 93.1 | 241 | 93.1 |
BoAHV-5a (EVI88/95) | 239 | 92.3 | 233 | 90.0 |
BoAHV-5b (A663) | 235 | 90.7 | 232 | 89.6 |
BoAHV-5c (ISO97/95) | 242 | 93.4 | 249 | 96.1 |
BuAHV-1 (B6) | 237 | 91.5 | 229 | 88.4 |
LA + SV265/96 | 248 | 95.8 | 251 | 96.9 |
LA + PG1779/03 | 249 | 96.1 | 246 | 95.0 |
LA + EVI88/95 | 251 | 96.9 | 240 | 92.7 |
LA + A663 | 249 | 96.1 | 239 | 92.3 |
LA + ISO97/95 | 250 | 96.5 | 251 | 96.9 |
LA + B6 | 249 | 96.1 | 240 | 92.7 |
SV265/96 + PG1779/03 | 250 | 96.5 | 254 | 98.1 |
SV265/96 + EVI88/95 | 249 | 96.1 | 251 | 96.9 |
SV265/96 + A663 | 249 | 96.1 | 251 | 96.9 |
SV265/96 + ISO97/95 | 249 | 96.1 | 257 | 99.2 |
SV265/96 + B6 | 250 | 96.5 | 252 | 97.3 & |
PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 | 250 | 96.5 | 243 | 93.8 |
PG1779/03 + A663 | 247 | 95.4 | 243 | 93.8 |
PG1779/03 + ISO97/95 | 251 | 96.9 | 255 | 98.5 & |
PG1779/03 + B6 | 249 | 96.1 | 246 | 95.0 |
EVI88/95 + A663 | 246 | 95.0 | 237 | 91.5 |
EVI88/95 + ISO97/95 | 249 | 96.1 | 252 | 97.3 & |
EVI88/95 + B6 | 247 | 95.4 | 239 | 92.3 |
A663 + ISO97/95 | 249 | 96.1 | 251 | 96.9 |
A663 + B6 | 247 | 95.4 | 238 | 91.9 |
ISO97/95 + B6 | 249 | 96.1 | 252 | 97.3 & |
LA + SV265/96 + PG1779/03 | 253 | 97.7 & | 255 | 98.5 & |
LA + SV265/96 + EVI88/95 | 252 | 97.3 & | 253 | 97.7 & |
LA + SV265/96 + A663 | 252 | 97.3 & | 252 | 97.3 & |
LA + SV265/96 + ISO97/95 | 252 | 97.3 & | 257 | 99.2 & |
LA + SV265/96 + B6 | 253 | 97.7 & | 253 | 97.7 & |
LA + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 | 255 | 98.5 & | 247 | 95.4 |
LA + PG1779/03 + A663 | 253 | 97.7 & | 247 | 95.4 |
LA + PG1779/03 + ISO97/95 | 255 | 98.5 & | 256 | 98.8 & |
LA + PG1779/03 + B6 | 253 | 97.7 & | 249 | 96.1 |
LA + EVI88/95 + A663 | 254 | 98.1 & | 242 | 93.4 |
LA + EVI88/95 + ISO97/95 | 254 | 98.1 & | 253 | 97.7 & |
LA + EVI88/95 + B6 | 254 | 98.1 & | 243 | 93.8 |
LA + A663 + ISO97/95 | 255 | 98.5 & | 252 | 97.3 & |
LA + A663 + B6 | 255 | 98.5 & | 242 | 93.4 |
LA + ISO97/95 + B6 | 254 | 98.1 & | 253 | 97.7 & |
LA + SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 | 255 | 98.5 & | 256 | 98.8 |
LA + SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + A663 | 254 | 98.1 & | 256 | 98.8 |
LA + SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + ISO97/95 | 255 | 98.5 & | 259 | 100 & |
LA + SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + B6 | 255 | 98.5 & | 257 | 99.2 |
LA + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 | 255 | 98.5 & | 248 | 95.8 |
LA + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + ISO97/95 | 257 | 99.2 & | 256 | 98.8 & |
LA + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + B6 | 257 | 99.2 & | 250 | 96.5 |
LA + EVI88/95 + A663 + ISO97/95 | 257 | 99.2 & | 254 | 98.1 & |
LA + EVI88/95 + A663 + B6 | 257 | 99.2 & | 245 | 94.6 |
LA + A663 + ISO97/95 + B6 | 258 | 99.6 & | 254 | 98.1 & |
SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 | 252 | 97.3 & | 256 | 98.8 & |
SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + ISO97/95 | 254 | 98.1 & | 259 | 100 & |
SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + B6 | 254 | 98.1 & | 258 | 99.6 & |
SV265/96 + EVI88/95 + A663 + ISO97/95 | 254 | 98.1 & | 259 | 100 & |
SV265/96 + EVI88/95 + A663 + B6 | 254 | 98.1 & | 256 | 98.8 & |
SV265/96 + A663 + ISO97/95 + B6 | 255 | 98.5 & | 259 | 100 & |
PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 + ISO97/95 | 254 | 98.1 & | 256 | 98.8 & |
PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 + B6 | 254 | 98.1 & | 249 | 96.1 |
PG1779/03 + A663 + ISO97/95 + B6 | 255 | 98.5 & | 258 | 99.6 & |
EVI88/95 + A663 + ISO97/95 + B6 | 255 | 98.5 & | 255 | 98.5 & |
LA + SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 | 255 | 98.5 & | 257 | 99.2 & |
LA + SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + ISO97/95 ** | 257 | 99.2 & | 259 | 100 & |
LA + SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + B6 | 257 | 99.2 & | 258 | 99.6 & |
LA + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 + ISO97/95 | 257 | 99.2 & | 257 | 99.2 & |
LA + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 + B6 | 257 | 99.2 & | 251 | 96.9 |
LA + EVI88/95 + A663 + ISO97/95 + B6 | 259 | 100 & | 256 | 98.8 & |
SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 + ISO97/95 | 254 | 98.1 & | 259 | 100 & |
SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 + B6 | 254 | 98.1 & | 259 | 100 & |
PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 + ISO97/95 + B6 | 256 | 98.8 & | 258 | 99.6 & |
LA + SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 + SO97/95 | 257 | 99.2 & | 259 | 100 & |
LA + SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 + B6 | 257 | 99.2 & | 259 | 100 & |
SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 + ISO97/95 + B6 | 256 | 98.8 & | 259 | 100 & |
LA + SV265/96 + PG1779/03 + EVI88/95 + A663 + ISO97/95 + B6 | 259 | 100.0 | 259 | 100 & |
SN | sAgELISA | TOTAL | |
---|---|---|---|
POSITIVE | NEGATIVE | ||
POSITIVE | 250 (a) | 9 (b) | 259 (a + b) |
NEGATIVE | 13 (c) | 328 (d) | 341 (c + d) |
TOTAL | 263 (a + c) | 337 (b + d) | 600 (a + b + c + d) |
Sensitivity (a/a + c) × 100 = 96.56%; Specificity (d/d + b) × 100 = 96.1%; Positive predictive value (PPV) (a/a + b) × 100 = 95%; Negative predictive value (NPV) (d/c + d) × 100 = 97.3%; Kappa correlation: | |||
McNemar’s = [(a − d)/−1]2/a + d = significant at p > 0.05. |
sAgELISA * | mAgELISA | TOTAL | |
---|---|---|---|
POSITIVE | NEGATIVE | ||
POSITIVE | 262 | 1 | 263 |
NEGATIVE | 1 | 336 | 337 |
TOTAL | 263 | 337 | 600 |
SN | mAgELISA | TOTAL | |
---|---|---|---|
POSITIVE | NEGATIVE | ||
POSITIVE | 250 | 9 | 259 |
NEGATIVE | 13 | 328 | 341 |
TOTAL | 263 | 337 | 600 |
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Scheffer, C.M.; Petzhold, S.A.; Varela, A.P.M.; Paim, W.P.; Duarte, P.M.; Loiko, M.R.; Cerva, C.; Schmidt, C.; Wendlant, A.; Cibulski, S.P.; et al. An ELISA to Detect Antibodies to Bovine Alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Cattle Sera. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020110
Scheffer CM, Petzhold SA, Varela APM, Paim WP, Duarte PM, Loiko MR, Cerva C, Schmidt C, Wendlant A, Cibulski SP, et al. An ELISA to Detect Antibodies to Bovine Alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Cattle Sera. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(2):110. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020110
Chicago/Turabian StyleScheffer, Camila Mengue, Sylio Alfredo Petzhold, Ana Paula Muterle Varela, Willian Pinto Paim, Phelipe Magalhães Duarte, Márcia Regina Loiko, Cristine Cerva, Candice Schmidt, Adrieli Wendlant, Samuel Paulo Cibulski, and et al. 2023. "An ELISA to Detect Antibodies to Bovine Alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Cattle Sera" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 2: 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020110