3D Bioprinting of Prevascularized Full-Thickness Gelatin-Alginate Structures with Embedded Co-Cultures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Hydrogels
2.3. Rheologic Investigations
2.4. Diffusion Behavior
2.5. Cell Culture
2.6. Bioprinting Process
2.7. Manufacture and Set Up of the Bioreactor System
2.8. Viability Analysis
2.9. Influence of the Crosslinker on Cell Viability
2.10. Immunofluorescence
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Investigation of Rheological Properties
3.2. Optimization of Crosslinking
3.3. Diffusion Behavior
3.4. Effect of Treatment of Hydrogel with Sodium Citrate on Cell Viability
3.5. Printing and Cultivation of Prevascularized Constructs
3.6. Continuous Cultivation of Prevascularized Constructs
3.7. Co-Culture of Prevascularized Constructs
4. Discussion
4.1. Hydrogel Characterization
4.2. Effects on Crosslinking
4.3. Diffusion Behavior of Crosslinked Hydrogels
4.4. Mono Cultures of Cell Lines in Avascular 3D Constructs
4.5. Fabrication and Cultivation of Prevascularized Constructs
4.6. Continuous Cultivation of Prevascularized Constructs
4.7. Co-Culture of Prevascularized 3D-Cultures
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cell Line | Concentration CaCl2 | Incubation Time CaCl2 | Concentration mTGM | Incubation Time mTGM |
---|---|---|---|---|
HepG2 | −0.59 | −0.23 | 0.13 | −0.34 |
HUVEC-TERT2 | −0.34 | −0.47 | 0.06 | −0.07 |
Fibroblasts | −0.13 | −0.05 | −0.04 | −0.53 |
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Böttcher, B.; Pflieger, A.; Schumacher, J.; Jungnickel, B.; Feller, K.-H. 3D Bioprinting of Prevascularized Full-Thickness Gelatin-Alginate Structures with Embedded Co-Cultures. Bioengineering 2022, 9, 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9060242
Böttcher B, Pflieger A, Schumacher J, Jungnickel B, Feller K-H. 3D Bioprinting of Prevascularized Full-Thickness Gelatin-Alginate Structures with Embedded Co-Cultures. Bioengineering. 2022; 9(6):242. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9060242
Chicago/Turabian StyleBöttcher, Bastian, Astrid Pflieger, Jan Schumacher, Berit Jungnickel, and Karl-Heinz Feller. 2022. "3D Bioprinting of Prevascularized Full-Thickness Gelatin-Alginate Structures with Embedded Co-Cultures" Bioengineering 9, no. 6: 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9060242