Spatiotemporal Mapping of Biomechanical Stress Predicts Region-Specific Retinal Injury in a Murine Model of Blunt Ocular Trauma
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Computational Simulation of Weight Drop
2.2. In Vitro Weight-Drop Test on Mouse Eye and Histological Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Stress Distribution in Retina
3.2. Histological Analysis of Retinal Damage
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
| FEA | Finite Element Analysis |
| H&E | Hematoxylin and Eosin |
| OCT | Optical Coherence Tomography |
| RPE | Retinal Pigment Epithelium |
| σr,σθ,σφ | Radial, Circumferential and Azimuthal Stress |
| TRD | Traumatic Retinal Detachment |
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| Structure | Mesh Number | Material Model | Material Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cornea [21] | 15,265 | Neo-Hookean hyperelastic | µ = 0.079 MPa, D1 = 1 × 10−7 MPa |
| Sclera [22] | 144,570 | Yeoh’s 3rd hyperelastic | C10 = 0.91 MPa, C20 = 19.02 MPa; C30 = −64.73 MPa |
| Lens [22] | 29,843 | Neo-Hookean hyperelastic | µ = 2.29 MPa, D1 = 1 × 10−7 MPa |
| Retina [23] | 244,564 | Neo-Hookean hyperelastic | µ = 0.005 MPa, D1 = 1 × 10−7 MPa |
| Zonules [24] | 17,559 | Linear elastic | E = 0.35 MPa, ν = 0.47 |
| Aqueous [12] | Eulerian | Shock EOS linear | C1 = 1.64 × 106 mm∙s−1, S1 = 1.92 |
| Vitreous [12] | Eulerian | Shock EOS linear | C1 = 1.64 × 106 mm∙s−1, S1 = 1.92 |
| Region | FEA | In Vitro Experiment |
|---|---|---|
| Posterior pole | Compressive stress during impact; tensile stress during retraction. | Evidence of retinoschisis or detachment observed in photoreceptor layers |
| Peripheral | Compressive stress during impact and retraction | Minimal structural disruption; intact retinal layers |
| Equatorial | Radial stress variation during impact and retraction | Detachment observed in pigment epithelium and photoreceptor layers. |
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Wang, J.; Lee, J.A.; Zhai, Y.; Shahraki, K.; Dong, P.; Suh, D.W.; Gu, L. Spatiotemporal Mapping of Biomechanical Stress Predicts Region-Specific Retinal Injury in a Murine Model of Blunt Ocular Trauma. Bioengineering 2026, 13, 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13040431
Wang J, Lee JA, Zhai Y, Shahraki K, Dong P, Suh DW, Gu L. Spatiotemporal Mapping of Biomechanical Stress Predicts Region-Specific Retinal Injury in a Murine Model of Blunt Ocular Trauma. Bioengineering. 2026; 13(4):431. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13040431
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Jianing, Ji An Lee, Yingnan Zhai, Kourosh Shahraki, Pengfei Dong, Donny W. Suh, and Linxia Gu. 2026. "Spatiotemporal Mapping of Biomechanical Stress Predicts Region-Specific Retinal Injury in a Murine Model of Blunt Ocular Trauma" Bioengineering 13, no. 4: 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13040431
APA StyleWang, J., Lee, J. A., Zhai, Y., Shahraki, K., Dong, P., Suh, D. W., & Gu, L. (2026). Spatiotemporal Mapping of Biomechanical Stress Predicts Region-Specific Retinal Injury in a Murine Model of Blunt Ocular Trauma. Bioengineering, 13(4), 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13040431

