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Volume 13
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Correction to Bioengineering 2025, 12(2), 96.
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Correction

Correction: Birjandi, A.A.; Sharpe, P. The Secretome of the Inductive Tooth Germ Exhibits Signals Required for Tooth Development. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 96

by
Anahid A Birjandi
and
Paul Sharpe
*
Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Bioengineering 2026, 13(2), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13020202
Submission received: 23 January 2026 / Accepted: 29 January 2026 / Published: 11 February 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials)
Browse Figure
Versions Notes

Error in Figure

In the original publication [1], an error was identified in Figure 7, affecting panels D–I. The updated Figure 7 includes replacement microscopic images for panels D–I that correspond to the appropriate treatment conditions used in this study. This correction does not affect the figure legend, the manuscript text, or the interpretation of the results. The scientific conclusions of the study remain unchanged.
In addition, the Acknowledgments Section has been updated to thank Dr. Ana Angelova and Xuechen Zhang for their support during the recombination experiments.
The corrected Figure 7 appears below. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.
Bioengineering 13 00202 g007
Figure 7. Generation of bioengineered teeth using i-sEV and i-Sec. CFSE-labelled i-sEV and s-EV are taken up by E10.5 branchial arch mesenchyme after 24 h. (A,A′) Expression of Lef1 after treatment of tooth germ epithelium with i-sEV for 24 h (B) and 5 days (C). Recombination of fresh E14.5 mesenchyme cells with E13.5 tooth germ epithelial cells (D). Recombination of E10.5 branchial arch mesenchyme with E13.5 tooth germ epithelial cells (E). Recombination of i-sEV-treated epithelial cells for 24 h with E10.5 branchial arch mesenchyme (F). Recombination of i-sEV-treated epithelial cells for 5 days with E10.5 branchial arch mesenchyme (G). Recombination of i-Sec-treated epithelial cells for 24 h with E10.5 branchial arch mesenchyme (H). Recombination of i-Sec-treated epithelial cells for 5 days with E10.5 branchial arch mesenchyme (I). p < 0.002 (**), p < 0.033 (*), p > 0.12 (ns).
Figure 7. Generation of bioengineered teeth using i-sEV and i-Sec. CFSE-labelled i-sEV and s-EV are taken up by E10.5 branchial arch mesenchyme after 24 h. (A,A′) Expression of Lef1 after treatment of tooth germ epithelium with i-sEV for 24 h (B) and 5 days (C). Recombination of fresh E14.5 mesenchyme cells with E13.5 tooth germ epithelial cells (D). Recombination of E10.5 branchial arch mesenchyme with E13.5 tooth germ epithelial cells (E). Recombination of i-sEV-treated epithelial cells for 24 h with E10.5 branchial arch mesenchyme (F). Recombination of i-sEV-treated epithelial cells for 5 days with E10.5 branchial arch mesenchyme (G). Recombination of i-Sec-treated epithelial cells for 24 h with E10.5 branchial arch mesenchyme (H). Recombination of i-Sec-treated epithelial cells for 5 days with E10.5 branchial arch mesenchyme (I). p < 0.002 (**), p < 0.033 (*), p > 0.12 (ns).
Bioengineering 13 00202 g007

Acknowledgments

Ultracentrifugation was performed at NMES Britannia House Research Facilities (Chemistry) at King’s College London. Proteomics analysis was carried out by Steven Lynham in the Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, Denmark Hill, King’s College London. Flow cytometry was carried out at the Advanced Cytometry Platform, R&D department, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, and, particularly, by Anna Rose. We thank NOVOGENE (UK) Ltd. for their support in conducting the sequencing for the project. We would like to thank Ana Angelova and Xuechen Zhang for their helpful discussions and support during recombination experiments.

Reference

  1. Birjandi, A.A.; Sharpe, P. The Secretome of the Inductive Tooth Germ Exhibits Signals Required for Tooth Development. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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MDPI and ACS Style

Birjandi, A.A.; Sharpe, P. Correction: Birjandi, A.A.; Sharpe, P. The Secretome of the Inductive Tooth Germ Exhibits Signals Required for Tooth Development. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 96. Bioengineering 2026, 13, 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13020202

AMA Style

Birjandi AA, Sharpe P. Correction: Birjandi, A.A.; Sharpe, P. The Secretome of the Inductive Tooth Germ Exhibits Signals Required for Tooth Development. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 96. Bioengineering. 2026; 13(2):202. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13020202

Chicago/Turabian Style

Birjandi, Anahid A, and Paul Sharpe. 2026. "Correction: Birjandi, A.A.; Sharpe, P. The Secretome of the Inductive Tooth Germ Exhibits Signals Required for Tooth Development. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 96" Bioengineering 13, no. 2: 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13020202

APA Style

Birjandi, A. A., & Sharpe, P. (2026). Correction: Birjandi, A.A.; Sharpe, P. The Secretome of the Inductive Tooth Germ Exhibits Signals Required for Tooth Development. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 96. Bioengineering, 13(2), 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13020202

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