Why Hoop Tension Matters: A Biomechanical Perspective on Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears—A Narrative Review
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Medial Meniscus
2.1. Anatomy
2.2. Functions and Biomechanics of Normal Medial Meniscus
3. Hoop Tension
3.1. Structural and Material Contributors
3.2. Alteration of the Hoop Tension by Tear Type
- (1)
- Horizontal tear
- (2)
- Radial tear
- (3)
- Root tear
4. Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear
4.1. Anatomy of Roots of Medial Meniscus
4.2. Definition and Classification
4.3. Biomechanical Alteration
- (1)
- Cadaver study
- (2)
- FEA study
- (3)
- Biomechanical restoration following root repair
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Details |
---|---|
Length | Approx. 45.7 mm |
Width (Posterior horn) | 12.6–17.4 mm |
Width (Midbody) | 9.3–12.2 mm |
Width (Anterior horn) | 7.6–9.0 mm |
Thickness | 5.2–6.9 mm (wedge-shaped) |
Surface Area Coverage | 51–74% of medial tibial plateau |
Subcategory | Key Component | Role |
---|---|---|
Primary structures | Collagen fiber layers (superficial/lamellar/central or circumferential) Collagen crosslinking | Provides a circumferential tensile framework and resists fiber separation under load |
Macrostructural constraint | Meniscal root attachments Meniscocapsular connections | Prevents radial extrusion Preserves the circumferential stress loop |
Material composition | Proteoglycans (with GAG [glycosaminoglycan] chains) Interstitial fluid | Maintains hydration and internal pressure to support compressive load sharing |
Viscoelastic response | Time- and rate-dependent tissue properties | Modulates internal stress and maintains tension stability during prolonged loading |
Tear Type | Research Method | Tear Site | Hoop Tension Disruption | Peak Contact Pressure | Contact Area | Load Shift |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Horizontal, localized [57] | cadaver | Posterior 1/3 | Minimal or preserved | insignificant | insignificant | n.s. |
Horizontal, extensive [44] | cadaver | AH to PH | Severe | ↑ | ↓ | suggested |
Radial, 30–60% [58] | cadaver | Between body and PH | Mild | insignificant | insignificant | None or mild |
Radial, 90% [58] | cadaver | Between body and PH | Severe | ↑↑ | ↓ | Posterocentral |
Root [62] | cadaver | Posterior root attachment | Near Complete | ↑↑ | ↓↓ | n.s. |
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Kim, M.S.; In, Y.; Kim, H.; Jeong, J.; Sohn, S. Why Hoop Tension Matters: A Biomechanical Perspective on Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears—A Narrative Review. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 638. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12060638
Kim MS, In Y, Kim H, Jeong J, Sohn S. Why Hoop Tension Matters: A Biomechanical Perspective on Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears—A Narrative Review. Bioengineering. 2025; 12(6):638. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12060638
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Man Soo, Yong In, Hyungtae Kim, Juyoung Jeong, and Sueen Sohn. 2025. "Why Hoop Tension Matters: A Biomechanical Perspective on Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears—A Narrative Review" Bioengineering 12, no. 6: 638. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12060638
APA StyleKim, M. S., In, Y., Kim, H., Jeong, J., & Sohn, S. (2025). Why Hoop Tension Matters: A Biomechanical Perspective on Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears—A Narrative Review. Bioengineering, 12(6), 638. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12060638