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Volume 12
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Review

Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Wearable Devices in Pediatric Clinical Care: A Review

by
Huili Zheng
1,2,†,
Pragya Sharma
1,3,†,
Matthew Johnson
1,2,
Matteo Danieletto
1,2,
Eugenia Alleva
1,2,
Alexander W. Charney
1,2,
Girish N. Nadkarni
1,2,
Chethan Sarabu
4,
Bjoern M. Eskofier
5,6,
Yuri Ahuja
1,
Florian Richter
7,
Eyal Klang
1,2,
Sandeep Gangadharan
3,8,
Felix Richter
1,3,9,
Emma Holmes
1,3 and
Benjamin S. Glicksberg
1,2,3,*
1
Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
2
The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
3
The Center for AI in Children’s Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
4
Health Tech Hub, Cornell Tech, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10044, USA
5
Institute of AI in Medicine, LMU Munich & LMU Hospital, 85152 Munich, Germany
6
Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
7
ArtemisAI Labs, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94102, USA
8
Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children’s Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
9
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Bioengineering 2025, 12(12), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12121320
Submission received: 16 October 2025 / Revised: 14 November 2025 / Accepted: 27 November 2025 / Published: 3 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Artificial Intelligence in Complex Diseases)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Wearable devices are becoming widely applied in healthcare to enable continuous, noninvasive monitoring, but their use in pediatric populations remains relatively underexplored. This review synthesizes 36 clinical studies focused on pediatric hospital and outpatient wearables published between 2014 and 2025. Devices included wrist-worn trackers, adhesive biosensors, and more, capturing electrocardiography, photoplethysmography, accelerometry, and other signals. Clinical applications spanned a variety of care settings. Artificial intelligence (AI) partially enhanced interpretation for the early detection of conditions such as postoperative complications and sepsis. Despite their promising accuracy, most studies remain small, single-center pilots focused on feasibility and signal validity rather than outcomes such as mortality, readmission, or long-term recovery. Key barriers include pediatric-specific device design, motion-robust signal quality, regulatory clearance, workflow integration, and equitable adoption in low-resource settings. Ethical concerns such as privacy, consent, and incidental findings and regulatory constraints, particularly the lack of pediatric labeling and approval for consumer and AI-driven devices, further limit translation into practice. Future work should prioritize multi-center studies, multimodal analytics, explainable AI, and seamless integration into clinical pathways. With these advances, wearables can move beyond feasibility to become reliable, personalized tools that improve pediatric monitoring and care.
Keywords: pediatrics; wearable devices; artificial intelligence; wearables; biosignals; healthcare pediatrics; wearable devices; artificial intelligence; wearables; biosignals; healthcare

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zheng, H.; Sharma, P.; Johnson, M.; Danieletto, M.; Alleva, E.; Charney, A.W.; Nadkarni, G.N.; Sarabu, C.; Eskofier, B.M.; Ahuja, Y.; et al. Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Wearable Devices in Pediatric Clinical Care: A Review. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 1320. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12121320

AMA Style

Zheng H, Sharma P, Johnson M, Danieletto M, Alleva E, Charney AW, Nadkarni GN, Sarabu C, Eskofier BM, Ahuja Y, et al. Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Wearable Devices in Pediatric Clinical Care: A Review. Bioengineering. 2025; 12(12):1320. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12121320

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng, Huili, Pragya Sharma, Matthew Johnson, Matteo Danieletto, Eugenia Alleva, Alexander W. Charney, Girish N. Nadkarni, Chethan Sarabu, Bjoern M. Eskofier, Yuri Ahuja, and et al. 2025. "Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Wearable Devices in Pediatric Clinical Care: A Review" Bioengineering 12, no. 12: 1320. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12121320

APA Style

Zheng, H., Sharma, P., Johnson, M., Danieletto, M., Alleva, E., Charney, A. W., Nadkarni, G. N., Sarabu, C., Eskofier, B. M., Ahuja, Y., Richter, F., Klang, E., Gangadharan, S., Richter, F., Holmes, E., & Glicksberg, B. S. (2025). Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Wearable Devices in Pediatric Clinical Care: A Review. Bioengineering, 12(12), 1320. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12121320

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