Overview of Magnetic Hydrogel Fabrication, Its Basic Characteristics, and Potential Uses in Biomedical Engineering

Sharma, Udit Narayan; Ostrovidov, Serge; Datta, Sudipto; Kaji, Hirokazu

doi:10.3390/bioengineering12111142

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Overview of Magnetic Hydrogel Fabrication, Its Basic Characteristics, and Potential Uses in Biomedical Engineering

¹

Department of Polymer and Process and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India

²

Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (LBB), Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems Engineering, Institute of Integrated Research (IIR), Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan

³

Department of Material Science Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Bioengineering 2025, 12(11), 1142; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12111142

Submission received: 20 September 2025 / Revised: 10 October 2025 / Accepted: 15 October 2025 / Published: 22 October 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials)

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Abstract

Magnetic hydrogels are stimulus-responsive hydrogels with rapid response when placed in a magnetic field. Their properties include those of conventional hydrogels such as biocompatibility, viscoelasticity, and a high content of water, with the addition of magnetic actuation, magnetothermal conductivity, and magnetic resonance conferred by the magnetic particles. Their use in the biomedical field is constantly growing, with various applications such as drug delivery, hyperthermia treatment, theranostic, and tissue engineering. Since the research field of magnetic hydrogels is very dynamic, it is important to review the literature regularly to highlight the most recent insights of the field. In this review, we focused on the latest advances of magnetic hydrogels and give a large overview on their types, fabrication, properties, and applications in hyperthermia, drug delivery, wound healing, MRI, sensors, and tissue engineering (neural, cartilage, bone, and cardiac tissues). We concluded this review with challenges and future developments of magnetic hydrogels.

Keywords: magnetic hydrogels; hyperthermia; tissue engineering; magnetic field; drug delivery; MRI

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sharma, U.N.; Ostrovidov, S.; Datta, S.; Kaji, H. Overview of Magnetic Hydrogel Fabrication, Its Basic Characteristics, and Potential Uses in Biomedical Engineering. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12111142

AMA Style

Sharma UN, Ostrovidov S, Datta S, Kaji H. Overview of Magnetic Hydrogel Fabrication, Its Basic Characteristics, and Potential Uses in Biomedical Engineering. Bioengineering. 2025; 12(11):1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12111142

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sharma, Udit Narayan, Serge Ostrovidov, Sudipto Datta, and Hirokazu Kaji. 2025. "Overview of Magnetic Hydrogel Fabrication, Its Basic Characteristics, and Potential Uses in Biomedical Engineering" Bioengineering 12, no. 11: 1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12111142

APA Style

Sharma, U. N., Ostrovidov, S., Datta, S., & Kaji, H. (2025). Overview of Magnetic Hydrogel Fabrication, Its Basic Characteristics, and Potential Uses in Biomedical Engineering. Bioengineering, 12(11), 1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12111142

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Overview of Magnetic Hydrogel Fabrication, Its Basic Characteristics, and Potential Uses in Biomedical Engineering

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