Revisiting the Role of NAG across the Continuum of Kidney Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Molecular Biology of NAG
3. NAG in Kidney Injury
3.1. NAG in the Setting of AKI
3.2. NAG in the Setting of CKD
3.3. NAG in Kidney Injury Related to Environmental Nephrotoxins
4. Identifying Potential Drug Targets in Kidney-Disease-Associated Signaling Pathways
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors, Year | Type of Study | Conclusions |
---|---|---|
Holdt-Lehmann et al., 2000 [82] | Cross-sectional study | uNAG was significantly elevated in patients with glomerulonephritis compared with healthy controls. |
Bazzi et al., 2002 [83] | Cross-sectional study | uNAG excretion can be considered as a reliable marker of the tubulo-toxicity of proteinuria in the early stage of IMN, FSGS, and MCD. |
Kern et al., 2010 [78] | Nested case-control during 1-9 years of follow-up | Elevated uNAG at baseline independently predicted micro- and macroalbuminuria in patients with type I diabetes metllitus. |
Vaidya et al., 2011 [79] | Prospective study during 2 years of follow-up | Lower uNAG levels were associated with regression of microalbuminuria in patients with type I diabetes mellitus. |
Kim et al., 2016 [43] | Cross-sectional study | uNAG may be related to glycemic parameters reflecting glucose fluctuation and decreased insulin secretory capacity in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. |
Jungbauer et al., 2016 [84] | Prospective study during 5-year follow-up | Elevated uNAG was an independent predictor of ESRD and all-cause mortality in HF patients. |
Lobato et al., 2017 [80] | Prospective study during median 15-months follow-up | uNAG levels were weakly correlated with CKD stages I-V defined by KDIGO; uNAG was NOT associated with CKD progression or renal adverse outcomes. |
Hsu et al., 2017 [74] | Prospective study (9433 person-years) | uNAG was associated with CKD progression before adjustment. After adjustment for established risk factors of CKD, there was no independent association. |
An et al., 2019 [85] | Cross-sectional study | uNAG was increased in patients with IMN, compared with healthy controls. No correlation between histological grade and uNAG was observed. |
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Novak, R.; Salai, G.; Hrkac, S.; Vojtusek, I.K.; Grgurevic, L. Revisiting the Role of NAG across the Continuum of Kidney Disease. Bioengineering 2023, 10, 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10040444
Novak R, Salai G, Hrkac S, Vojtusek IK, Grgurevic L. Revisiting the Role of NAG across the Continuum of Kidney Disease. Bioengineering. 2023; 10(4):444. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10040444
Chicago/Turabian StyleNovak, Ruder, Grgur Salai, Stela Hrkac, Ivana Kovacevic Vojtusek, and Lovorka Grgurevic. 2023. "Revisiting the Role of NAG across the Continuum of Kidney Disease" Bioengineering 10, no. 4: 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10040444