Application of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/Activated Carbon onto the Preconcentration of Cadmium Ions in Solid-Phase Extraction Flow System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents and Materials
2.2. Apparatus
2.3. Preconcentration Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Surfactants
3.2. Effect of Initial PH
3.3. Optimization of Elution Conditions
3.4. Interferences
3.5. Effect of Sample Volume
3.6. Analytical Performance
3.7. Reusability
3.8. Reaction Mechanism
3.9. Analysis of Environmental Samples
3.10. Comparative Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Notes
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | Concentration (mol·L−1) | Vol. (mL) | EF | Rec. (%) | RSD% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HNO3 | 0.1 | 6 | 26.5 | 79.5 | 5.4 |
0.1 | 5 | 35.3 | 88.3 | 2.9 | |
0.1 | 3 | 47.3 | 77.3 | 4.9 | |
0.1 | 2 + 1 | 58.9 | 88.4 | 1.8 | |
1 | 3 | 62.5 | 93.8 | 1.3 | |
HCl | 0.1 | 3 | 51.6 | 77.5 | 3.9 |
1 | 3 | 52.1 | 78.1 | 3.9 | |
HCl:HNO3 | 0.1:0.1 | 3 | 58.2 | 87.3 | 5.5 |
Interference | Concentration (mg·L−1) | EFin the matrix/EF × 100 (%) | RSD (%) |
---|---|---|---|
K⁺ | 5 | 94.0 | 1.4 |
Mg2⁺ | 3 | 81.2 | 1.4 |
Ca2⁺ | 3 | 91.4 | 0.8 |
Al3⁺ | 2 | 101.9 | 1.5 |
Fe3⁺ | 1 | 102.7 | 5.7 |
Ni2⁺ | 5 | 90.0 | 4.7 |
Cu2⁺ | 5 | 95.8 | 1.5 |
Zn2⁺ | 5 | 98.2 | 0.4 |
Sample | Added (μg·L−1) | Found (μg·L−1) | Spike/Recovery (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Rain water 1 (Tsu, Mie) | - | N.D. | |
5.0 | 5.80 ± 0.02 | 116 | |
Rain water 2 (Tsu, Mie) | - | N.D. | |
5.0 | 5.32 ± 0.10 | 106 | |
Mineral water | - | N.D. | |
5.0 | 5.21 ± 0.09 | 104 | |
10.0 | 9.17 ± 0.01 | 92 |
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Furukawa, M.; Tateishi, I.; Katsumata, H.; Kaneco, S. Application of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/Activated Carbon onto the Preconcentration of Cadmium Ions in Solid-Phase Extraction Flow System. ChemEngineering 2019, 3, 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3030067
Furukawa M, Tateishi I, Katsumata H, Kaneco S. Application of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/Activated Carbon onto the Preconcentration of Cadmium Ions in Solid-Phase Extraction Flow System. ChemEngineering. 2019; 3(3):67. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3030067
Chicago/Turabian StyleFurukawa, Mai, Ikki Tateishi, Hideyuki Katsumata, and Satoshi Kaneco. 2019. "Application of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/Activated Carbon onto the Preconcentration of Cadmium Ions in Solid-Phase Extraction Flow System" ChemEngineering 3, no. 3: 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3030067