Medicinal Plants Used in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality, Southern Ghana: An Ethnobotanical Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Questionnaire and Interviews with Local People
2.3. Botanical Identification
2.4. Data Analysis
2.4.1. Statistical Analysis
2.4.2. Preference Ranking
2.4.3. Use Value (UV)
2.4.4. Informant Consensus Factor (ICFj)
2.4.5. Fidelity Level (FL)
2.5. Ethics Approval and Consent
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Demographic Features of Informants
3.2. Medicinal Plant Diversity and Distribution
3.3. Ailments Treated and Preferred Medicinal Plants Species
3.4. Plant Parts Used and Growth Forms of Medicinal Plants
3.5. Herbal Medicine Preparation and Route of Administration of Herbal Remedies
3.6. The Use Value (UV)
3.7. The Informant Consensus Factor (ICF)
3.8. The Fidelity Level (FL)
3.9. Threats to Medicinal Plants and Conservation Practices
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plant Families | No. of Plant Genera | Percentage of Genera | No. of Plant Species | % of Species |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fabaceae | 9 | 9.38 | 12 | 11.3 |
Euphorbiaceae | 8 | 8.33 | 9 | 8.49 |
Asteraceae | 6 | 6.25 | 6 | 5.66 |
Poaceae | 6 | 6.25 | 6 | 5.66 |
Malvaceae | 5 | 5.21 | 5 | 4.72 |
Apocynaceae | 4 | 4.17 | 4 | 3.77 |
Bignoniaceae | 4 | 4.17 | 4 | 3.77 |
Meliaceae | 4 | 4.17 | 4 | 3.77 |
Rutaceae | 2 | 2.08 | 4 | 3.77 |
Amaranthaceae | 3 | 3.13 | 3 | 2.83 |
Anacardiaceae | 3 | 3.13 | 3 | 2.83 |
Combretaceae | 2 | 2.08 | 3 | 2.83 |
Rubiaceae | 3 | 3.13 | 3 | 2.83 |
Solanaceae | 1 | 1.04 | 3 | 2.83 |
Other 31 families | 36 | 37.5 | 37 | 34.9 |
Total | 96 | 100 | 106 | 100% |
Plant Family, Scientific Names, Voucher No. | Local Names | Parts(s) Used | Ailments(s) Treated | Mode of Preparation (Administration) | Ethnobotanical Indices | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FL (%) | UV | RFC | |||||
Acanthaceae | |||||||
Justicia flava Vahl. CPMR 4089 | Afama | L | Malaria, Diarrhoea, Piles | Decoction (Oral) | 60 | 0.14 | 0.13 |
Swollen joint | Grind (Topical) | ||||||
Amaranthaceae | |||||||
Alternanthera pungens Kunth CPMR 4090 | Nkasɛɛ nkasɛɛ | L | Constipation, Aseram, Headache | Grind (Enema) | 81.8 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
Amaranthus spinosus L. CPMR 4092 | Nantwibini | Wp | Malaria, Dewormer, Fever | Decoction (Oral) | 47.1 | 0.12 | 0.06 |
Delayed baby walking | Crush (Bath/enema) | ||||||
Pupalia lappacea (L.) A Juss. CPMR 4091 | Apɔsɔmpɔ | L | Boils | Burn (Topical) | 100 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
Anacardiaceae | |||||||
Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. 4093 | Kumnini | SB, L | Child fever, Aseram | Boil (Bath) | 66.7 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Anacardium occidentale L. CPMR 4094 | Ateaa | L | Pregnancy care | Decoction (Oral) | 100 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
Mangifera indica L. CPMR 4095 | Amango | SB | Diarrhoea | Paste (Enema) | 50 | 0.09 | 0.1 |
L | Cough, Bedwetting, Low sperm count | Decoction (Oral) | |||||
Annonaceae | |||||||
Cleistopholis patens (Benth.) Engl. & Diels CPMR 4070 | Ngone nkyene | L/SB, F | Stomach ache, Fever Malaria, typhoid | Decoction (Oral) | 90.7 | 0.54 | 0.37 |
R/SB, Se | Hernia, Piles | Grind (Enema) | |||||
Apocynaceae | |||||||
Alstonia boonei De Wild. CPMR 4096 | Nyamedua | SB | Measles, Chicken pox, Boils, Shingles | Crush (Topical) | 70 | 0.36 | 0.22 |
Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | ||||||
Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf. CPMR 4097 | Funtum | SB | Stroke, | Infusion (Oral) | 66.7 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Stop alcoholism | Soak in alcohol | ||||||
Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel. CPMR 4081 | Kakapenpen | L, R | Aseram, Malaria, Body pains | Decoction (Oral) | 41.7 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
SB | Piles, Chicken pox | Grind (Topical) | |||||
Asclepiadaceae | |||||||
Secamone afzelii (Roem. & Schult.) K.Schum. CPMR 4098 | Kwantemaa | L | Severe skin rashes | Grind and apply (Topical) | 100 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel). Bullock | Abakamo | SB | Wounds, Snake bite | Grind (Topical) | 40 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
CPMR 4102 | L | Family planning | Paste (Topical) | ||||
SB | Piles | Squeeze (Oral) | |||||
Araceae | |||||||
Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott CPMR 4099 | Mankani | L | Snakebite, wounds | Squeeze (Topical) | 60 | 0.07 | 0.04 |
Blood Tonic | Cooked (Oral) | ||||||
Arecaceae | |||||||
Cocos nucifera L. CPMR 4100 | Kube | L, R, | Ulcers, Piles | Decoction (Oral) | 45.5 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
R | Erectile dysfunction, | Infusion (Oral) | |||||
R | Toothache, Bad breathe | Decoction (Oral) | |||||
Elaeis guineensis Jacq. CPMR 4101 | Abɛ | R | Stroke | Grind (Topical) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Asphodelaceae | |||||||
Aloe cf. tenuifolia Lam. CPMR 4103 | L | Appetizer, Skin Rashes | Decoction (Oral/Topical) | 75 | 0.06 | 0.03 | |
Asteraceae | |||||||
Melanthera scandens Schu, Nach. & Thonn. CPMR 4077 | Mfofo | L, | Wounds | Paste (Topical) | 100 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Vernonia amygdalina Delile CPMR 4088 | Awɔnwono | L | Diarrhoea, Typhoid, Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | 65.2 | 0.16 | 0.24 |
Asabera | Crush (Topical) | ||||||
Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg. CPMR 4104 | Dandelion | L, R | Blood tonic, Fever, Ulcer | Eaten/Decoction (Oral) | 42.9 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
Ageratum conyzoides L. CPMR 4105 | Guakro | L, R | Eye disease, | Rub and squeeze (Topical) | 42.9 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
Constipation | Grind (Enema) | ||||||
Eclipta alba Hassk. CPMR 4106 | Ntum | L | Asabera, Catarrh, Malaria | Grind and squeeze (Nasal) | 50 | 0.04 | 0.11 |
Bidens pilosa L. CPMR 4107 | Gyinantwi | L | Typhoid, Malaria, | Decoction/Paste (Oral/Topical) | 40 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Itchy ear, Aseram | |||||||
Bignoniaceae | |||||||
Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. CPMR 4074 | Nufutin | SB | Stomach ache | Decoction (Oral) | 100 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. CPMR 4084 | Kuakuanisuo | L, SB | Typhoid, Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | 66.7 | 0.15 | 0.11 |
Wounds | Grind (Topical) | ||||||
Crescentia cujete L. CPMR 4108 | Kɔntoa | L | Fever, Pregnancy care | Decoction (oral) | 57.1 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
Newbouldia laevis (P.Beauv.) Seem. | Sɛsɛmasa | L | Stomach upset, Waist pain, Aseram | Paste (Enema) | 26.7 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
CPMR 4109 | SB | Pregnancy care, Cough, High blood pressure | Raw (Oral) | ||||
Boraginaceae | |||||||
Heliotropium indicum L. CPMR 4110 | Akonfɛm atikɔ | L | Headache | Crush (Topical) | 33.3 | 0.09 | 0.08 |
Stomachaches, Pregnancy care, Headache | Shred (Topical) | ||||||
Anaemia | Decoction (Oral) | ||||||
Bromeliaceae | |||||||
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. CPMR 4111 | Abrɔbɛ | L | Worms, Itching ear | Rub (Oral/Enema) | 62.5 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
F | Malaria, Severe fever | Decoction (Oral) | |||||
Caricaceae | |||||||
Carica papaya L. CPMR 4112 | Brɔferɛ | L | Malaria | Cook (Oral) | 30.6 | 0.26 | 0.25 |
R, Se | Ease delivery, Aseram, Dewormer | Raw (Oral) | |||||
Combretaceae | |||||||
Combretum smeathmannii G. Don. CPMR 4113 | Hwirɛmoo | L | Migraine, Baby delivery | Raw/rub (Oral) | 60 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
Terminalia catappa L. CPMR 4114 | Abrɔfo nkateɛ | L | Severe fever, malaria | Decoction (Oral) | 66.7 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
Terminalia ivorensis A.Chev. CPMR 4115 | Ɛmirɛ | SB | Piles | Powder (Oral) | 100 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
Compositae | |||||||
Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. DC. CPMR 4116 | Akyeampong | L | Blood clotting, Wounds | Squeeze/rub (Topical) | 61.5 | 0.09 | 0.07 |
Crassulaceae | |||||||
Kalanchoe integra Kuntze. CPMR 4118 | Egorɔ | L | Headache, Aseram, Cold, Phlegm | Squeeze (Topical) | 61.9 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
Wp | Stroke | Decoction (oral) | |||||
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken CPMR 4117 | Taa meawu | L | Abdominal pain | Decoction drunk | 100 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
Cucurbitaceae | |||||||
Momordica charantia L. CPMR 4078 | Nyanya | L | Abdominal pains, fever, measles, Gonorrhoea, headache | Grind (topical) | 60.7 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
Snakebite, aseram | Decoction (oral) | ||||||
Squeeze (topical) | |||||||
Euphorbiaceae | |||||||
Mareya micrantha (Benth.) Müll.Arg. CPMR 4119 | Odubrafoɔ | L | Waist pains | Paste (Enema) | 100 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Heckel CPMR 4120 | Ɔnwama | L | Malaria, | Decoction (Oral) | 60 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
L, R | Waist pains | Grind (Enema) | |||||
Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze.) Exell. CPMR 4121 | Awobɛ | L | Wounds | Grind (Topical) | 100 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
Mallotus oppositifolius Müll.Arg. | Nyanyafurowa | L | Aseram, Waist pains, | Grind (Topical) | 75 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
CPMR 4076 | Constipation | Paste (Enema) | |||||
Manihot esculenta Crantz CPMR 4122 | Bankye | L, Se | Fever | Decoction (Oral) | 44.4 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
Blood clotting, Wounds | Grind (Topical) | ||||||
Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll.Arg. CPMR 4065 | Ogyama | L, | Constipation | Grind (Enema) | 31 | 0.21 | 0.16 |
SB | Fever, Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | |||||
SB | Wounds, Piles | Rub (Topical/enema | |||||
Phyllanthus urinaria L. CPMR 4080 | Bɔwomaguwakyi | L | Blood pressure, malaria | Decoction (Oral) | 37.9 | 0.21 | 0.16 |
Sore throat, Ulcer | Raw (Oral) | ||||||
Euphorbia hirta L. CPMR 4071 | Kakaweadwe | L | Wounds | Grind (Topical) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Jatropha curcas L. CPMR 4123 | Nkrangyedua | R, | Severe cough | Crush (Oral) | 30.8 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
L | Wounds, Piles | Paste (Enema) | |||||
L, R | Toothache | Poultice (Buccal) | |||||
Fabaceae | |||||||
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link CPMR 4082 | Nkwadaa brodeɛ | L | Stomachaches, Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | 79.6 | 0.35 | 0.21 |
R | Serious vomiting, Cough | Raw (Oral) | |||||
Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. & Thonn.) Taub. CPMR 4087 | Prɛkɛsɛ | F | Typhoid, Asthma, Blood tonic | Decoction (Oral) | 50 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
Baphia nitida Lodd. CPMR 4068 | Ɔdwono | L | Wounds | Crush (Topical) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Acacia pennata Willd. CPMR 4124 | Nwerɛ | L | Skin rashes | Grind (Topical) | 75 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Fever | Decoction (Oral) | ||||||
Griffonia simplicifolia (DC.) Baill. | Kagya | Se | Stomachaches | Raw (Oral) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
CPMR 4073 | |||||||
Senna alata (L.) Roxb. CPMR 4083 | Sempe | L | Eczema, Ringworm, Dandruff, Skin rashes | Grind (Topical) | 33.3 | 0.28 | 0.16 |
Stomachaches, Fever | |||||||
Decoction (Oral) | |||||||
Mimosa pudica L. CPMR 4125 | Mumuanka | L | Wounds | Grind (Topical) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth. CPMR 4126 | Awiemfoɔsamena | R, L | Waist pains, | Crush (Enema) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Dalbergia saxatilis Hook.f. CPMR 4127 | Ahomakyɛm | SB | Piles, Ritual | Decoction (Oral/Topical) | 66.7 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Acacia pycnantha Benth. CPMR 4128 | Akasia | SB | Wounds | Grind (Topical). | 100 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F.Macbr. CPMR 4129 | Ɔkorɔ | L | Blood tonic | Cooked (Oral) | 50 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Stomachaches | Decoction (Oral) | ||||||
Abrus precatorius L. CPMR 4130 | Nyame eni | Se | Epilepsy | Powder (Oral) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Lamiaceae | |||||||
Hoslundia opposita Vahl. CPMR 4132 | Nunum nini | L, Se | Malaria, phlegm | Decoction (Oral) | 57.1 | 0.05 | 0.03 |
Ocimum gratissimum L. CPMR 4131 | Nunum | L, Se | Headache, Diarrhoea, Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | 38.5 | 0.37 | 0.35 |
Itchy ear, Phlegm, Convulsion | Squeeze (Topical) | ||||||
Lauraceae | |||||||
Persea americana Mill. CPMR 4133 | Paya | L | Fever | Decoction (Oral) | 100 | 0.06 | 0.09 |
Lecythidaceae | |||||||
Petersianthus macrocarpus (P. Beauv.) Liben CPMR 4134 | Asia | L | Constipation | Grind (Enema) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Liliaceae | |||||||
Allium sativum L. CPMR 4135 | Garlic | Cloves | Cough | Raw/paste (Oral) | 100 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
Loganiaceae | |||||||
Anthocleista nobilis G. Don CPMR 4066 | Owudifo kɛtɛ | R, L | Piles, Hernia, Jaundice, Typhoid | Decoction (Oral) | 33.3 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
Loranthaceae | |||||||
Tapinanthus bangwenis (Engl.& K. Krause) Danser CPMR 4085 | Nkrapan | Wp | Aseram, Fever | Decoction (Topical) | 82.4 | 0.12 | 0.13 |
Malvaceae | |||||||
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. CPMR 4069 | Onyina | SB, F | Measles, Back pain, Sting removal | Grind (Topical) | 50 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
Gossypium hirsutum L. CPMR 4136 | Asaawa | L | Blood Tonic | Decoction drunk | 100 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Abelmoschus esculentus Moench. CPMR 4137 | Nkruma | F, Se | Child delivery, Wounds | Rub (Topical) | 80 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
Sida acuta Burm. f. CPMR 4138 | Tweta | L, R | Pregnancy care | Pound (Enema) | 57.1 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
L | Cough, Sore throat | Squeeze (Oral) | |||||
Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. CPMR 4139 | Bese | SB | Ease baby delivery | Grind (Enema) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Meliaceae | |||||||
Khaya senegalensis (Desv.) A.Juss. CPMR 4141 | Mahogany | L, SB | Malaria, Blood pressure | Infusion (Oral) | 53.3 | 0.11 | 0.12 |
Boils | Crush (Topical) | ||||||
Trichilia monadelpha P. Browne. CPMR 4140 | Tannuru | L | Heartburns, Piles | Pound (Oral) | 66.7 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Meliaceae | |||||||
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. CPMR 4067 | Neem tree | L, SB | Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | 100 | 0.33 | 0.25 |
Cedrela odorata L. CPMR 4142 | Gyenegyene | SB | Migraines | Crush (Oral) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Menispermaceae | |||||||
Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre CPMR 4143 | Kramankote | R | Erectile dysfunction | Chew roots and Swallow | 100 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Moraceae | |||||||
Ficus exasperata Vahl. CPMR 4072 | Nyankyerɛnee | L, | Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | 33.3 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
SB, | Wound, Shingles | Rubbing (Topical) | |||||
L | Abnormal foetus position | Cooked (Oral) | |||||
Ficus capensis Thunb. CPMR 4144 | Ɔdoma | L | Stomachaches | Decoction (Oral) | 100 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Moringaceae | |||||||
Moringa oleifera Lam CPMR 4145 | Se, L | Ulcer, Fever | Crush (Oral) | 54.5 | 0.08 | 0.09 | |
L | High blood pressure | Squeeze (Oral) | |||||
Musaceae | |||||||
Musa paradisiaca L. CPMR 4146 | Brɔdeε | L, R, Fl | Wounds | Pound (Topical) | 40 | 0.11 | 0.1 |
L, R | Fever, Headache | Decoction (Oral) | |||||
Delayed child walk | Grind (Enema) | ||||||
Myristicaceae | |||||||
Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Warb. CPMR 4147 | Ɔtiɛ | L, SB, L | Pregnancy care | Decoction (Oral) | 36.4 | 0.08 | 0.11 |
SB | Toothache, Pile | Crush (Oral) | |||||
Myrtaceae | |||||||
Psidium guajava L. CPMR 4148 | Gua | L, | Chicken pox, Measles | Rub (topical) | 66.7 | 0.05 | 0.07 |
Candidiasis | Decoction (Oral) | ||||||
Nephrolepidaceae | |||||||
Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott | Aya | L | Blood Tonic | Decoction (Oral) | 66.7 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
CPMR 4149 | Toothache | Pound (Oral) | |||||
Pedaliaceae | |||||||
Sesamum indicum L. CPMR 4150 | Sesame | Se | Blur eye sight | Raw (Oral) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Phytolaccaceae | |||||||
Hilleria latifolia (Lam.) H.Walter CPMR 4151 | Anafranaku | L | Aseram | Decoction (Bath) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
Poaceae | |||||||
Saccharum officinarum L. CPMR 4152 | Ahwedeɛ | L | Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | 100 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Brachyachne obtusiflora (Benth.) C.E. Hubb. CPMR 4153 | Abirekyire abɔdwesɛ | L, | Fracture, Delayed child walking | Paste (Topical/Enema) | 75 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Zea mays L. CPMR 4154 | Aburoo | R, | Constipation | Paste (Enema) | 60 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
Co | Anal sore | Burn (Rectal) | |||||
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf CPMR 4156 | Fever grass | L | Fever, Malaria, Typhoid | Decoction (Oral) | 61.1 | 0.13 | 0.15 |
Poaceae | |||||||
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl. CPMR 4155 | Pampulo | L | Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaetn CPMR 4157 | Nsensan | Wp | Constipation | Paste (Enema) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Rubiaceae | |||||||
Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. and Thonn. CPMR 4158 | Dameramma | L, | Severe cough, Ritual | Decoction (Oral) | 60 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Morinda lucida Benth. CPMR 4159 | Konkrɔma | L | Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | 100 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
Psydrax subcordata (DC.) Bridson var. subcordata CPMR 4160 | Ntatiadupon | SB | Boils | Crush (Topical) | 50 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
Body pains | Pound (Oral) | ||||||
Rutaceae | |||||||
Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle | Ankaa twadeɛ | F, R | Fever, Cough, Typhoid | Decoction (Oral) | 55.6 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
CPMR 4161 | Migraines | Pound (Topical) | |||||
Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr | Oyaa | SB, | Rheumatism | Pound (Topical) | 62.5 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
CPMR 4162 | Stomach ulcer | Decoction (Oral) | |||||
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck CPMR 4163 | Ankaa | L | Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | 66.7 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
R/L, Se | Diarrhoea | Raw (Oral) | |||||
Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) Waterman CPMR 4164 | Okuo | SB | Stomach ulcer | Infusion (Oral) | 100 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Sapindaceae | |||||||
Paullinia pinnata L. CPMR 4079 | Toa-ntini | R, | Profuse cough | Raw (Oral) | 63.6 | 0.08 | 0.12 |
R/L | Wounds, snake bite | Paste (Topical) | |||||
R/L | Erectile dysfunction | Alcohol infusion (Oral) | |||||
Solanaceae | |||||||
Solanum erianthum D. Don CPMR 4166 | Pepediewuo | L | Piles, Wounds | Grind and apply | 75 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Solanum torvum Sw. CPMR 4167 | Abedru | L/F | Blood tonic | Decoction (Oral) | 53.3 | 0.11 | 0.12 |
L | Cough, Typhoid, Headache | Rub (Topical) | |||||
Solanum lycopersicum L. CPMR 4168 | Ntoose | L | Convulsion | Rub (Topical) | 66.7 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
F | Measles | Crush (Topical) | |||||
Sterculiaceae | |||||||
Theobroma cacao L. CPMR 4169 | Kookoo | R, L, | Cough | Pound (Oral) | 55 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | ||||||
Verbanaceae | |||||||
Tectona grandis L.f. CPMR 4086 | Teak | L, SB | Malaria | Decoction (Oral) | 100 | 0.19 | 0.16 |
Lantana camara L. CPMR 4075 | Shingles dokono | L, | Body pains | Decoction (Oral) | 100 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Zingiberaceae | |||||||
Aframomum melegueta K.Schum. CPMR 4064 | Ɛfɔmwisa | Se, | Convulsion | Rub (Topical) | 100 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
Zingiber officinale Roscoe CPMR 4165 | Kakaduro | Rh | Cough, Diarrhoea, Wounds | Raw (Oral) | 54.5 | 0.08 | 0.03 |
Plant Species | Parts Used | Key Ailments Treated | Number of Key Informants (n = 15) | Total Value | Rank | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | |||||
S. alata | L | Skin diseases | 5 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 79 | 8th |
V. amygdalina | L, R | Malaria, diarrhoea, asabera | 10 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 122 | 4th |
A. cordifolia | L, B | Malaria, wounds, piles, | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 77 | 9th |
M. charantia | L | Abdominal pain, fever | 7 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 107 | 7th |
S. occidentalis | L | Stomach aches, phlegm | 8 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 131 | 3rd |
T. grandis | L | Malaria, fever | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 116 | 5th |
C. patens | L, SB | Malaria, fever, piles | 7 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 133 | 2nd |
A. boonei | L, B, R | Measles, piles, chicken pox | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 98 | 6th |
A. indica | L | Malaria | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 146 | 1st |
P. urinaria | Wp | Malaria, typhoid, ulcer | 3 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 72 | 10th |
No. | Category of Ailment (Specific Conditions) | Number of Taxa (Nt) | Use Citations (Nur) | Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Pains & Fever: Migraines, headaches, fever, malaria, Abdominal pain, waist and body pains | 51 | 402 | 0.88 |
2 | Skin diseases: eczema, skin rash, cuts, wounds, shingles, blood clotting, chicken pox, measles, sting removal | 29 | 182 | 0.85 |
3 | Erectile dysfunction & Impotence: Male sexual vitality, low sperm count | 4 | 17 | 0.81 |
4 | Gastrointestinal system diseases: Stomach aches, bloating, ulcers, constipation, diarrhoea, Jaundice, Piles, Typhoid, worms, vomiting | 50 | 248 | 0.80 |
5 | Gynaecological issues and Childcare: Delayed walking, convulsion, abnormal fetus position, asebera, aseram, family planning, candidiasis | 26 | 98 | 0.74 |
6 | Respiratory tract infections: cough, sore throat, cold, phlegm, asthma, catarrh | 20 | 73 | 0.74 |
7 | STDs & Venereal diseases: Gonorrhea, | 2 | 4 | 0.67 |
8 | Muscular skeletal problems: fractures, rheumatism, joint pains, | 5 | 12 | 0.64 |
9 | Poisonous animal bites: Snake bite | 4 | 9 | 0.63 |
10 | Blood problems/Tonic/stimulant: Tonic, low appetite | 12 | 35 | 0.68 |
11 | Arthritis & inflammation: Swollen body parts, hernia, boils, gum diseases, toothache | 10 | 22 | 0.57 |
12 | Eye and ear infections: blur eyesight, itching ear, | 6 | 10 | 0.44 |
13 | Neurological & nervous system disorders: Convulsions, epilepsy | 4 | 6 | 0.40 |
14 | Cardiovascular diseases: heart burns, high blood pressure, stroke | 8 | 12 | 0.36 |
15 | Other ailments: bedwetting, rituals, To stop alcoholism, | 3 | 4 | 0.33 |
Total | 234 * | 1134 |
Major Threat | Number of Key Informants (n = 15) | Total Value | Rank | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | |||
Agricultural activities | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 65 | 1st |
Fodder/Overgrazing | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 7th |
Building and construction | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 21 | 6th |
Bush fires | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 36 | 4th |
Drought | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 44 | 2nd |
Floods | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 8th |
Firewood/Fuel | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 34 | 5th |
Excessive harvesting | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 38 | 3rd |
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Appiah, K.S.; Oppong, C.P.; Mardani, H.K.; Omari, R.A.; Kpabitey, S.; Amoatey, C.A.; Onwona-Agyeman, S.; Oikawa, Y.; Katsura, K.; Fujii, Y. Medicinal Plants Used in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality, Southern Ghana: An Ethnobotanical Study. Medicines 2019, 6, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010001
Appiah KS, Oppong CP, Mardani HK, Omari RA, Kpabitey S, Amoatey CA, Onwona-Agyeman S, Oikawa Y, Katsura K, Fujii Y. Medicinal Plants Used in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality, Southern Ghana: An Ethnobotanical Study. Medicines. 2019; 6(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleAppiah, Kwame Sarpong, Clement Peprah Oppong, Hossein Korrani Mardani, Richard Ansong Omari, Sylvia Kpabitey, Christiana Adukwei Amoatey, Siaw Onwona-Agyeman, Yosei Oikawa, Keisuke Katsura, and Yoshiharu Fujii. 2019. "Medicinal Plants Used in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality, Southern Ghana: An Ethnobotanical Study" Medicines 6, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010001
APA StyleAppiah, K. S., Oppong, C. P., Mardani, H. K., Omari, R. A., Kpabitey, S., Amoatey, C. A., Onwona-Agyeman, S., Oikawa, Y., Katsura, K., & Fujii, Y. (2019). Medicinal Plants Used in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality, Southern Ghana: An Ethnobotanical Study. Medicines, 6(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010001