Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Volatile Oil of Ganoderma pfeifferi Bres
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fungus (Mushroom) Material
2.2.Volatile Oil Extraction
2.3. Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectral Analysis
2.4. Determination of Antimicrobial Activities
2.4.1. Microorganisms
2.4.2. Antimicrobial Assays
Agar Diffusion Method
Broth Micro-Dilution Assay for Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC)
2.5. Determination of Radical Scavenging Activity
3. Results
3.1. Chemical Composition of the Volatile Oil
3.2. Antimicrobial Activities of the Volatile Oil
3.3. Antioxidant Activity of the Volatile Oil
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DPPH | 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay |
VO | Volatile oil |
MIC | Minimal Inhibitory Concentration |
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No. | RI | Compounds a | Content % |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 973 | unidentified | 0.8 |
2 | 976 | 1-Octen-3-ol (Amyl vinyl carbinol, 1) | 73.6 |
3 | 980 | unidentified | 2.2 |
4 | 988 | unidentified | 2.2 |
5 | 1027 | Phenylacetaldehyde (Hyacinthin, 3) | 3.0 |
6 | 1044 | unidentified | 4.3 |
7 | 1081 | 1-Octen-3-ol, acetate (Amyl vinyl carbinol acetate, 2) | 12.4 |
8 | 1447 | 6-Camphenol, (4) | 1.5 |
Total identified | 90.5 |
Microbial Strains | Volatile Oil | Reference Antibiotics IZ (mm) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IZ (mm) 10 μL/disc | MIC (mg/mL) | Ampicillin 10 μg/disc | Gentamicin 10 μg/disc | Nystatin 100 μg/disc | |
Gram-Positive Bacteria | |||||
B. subtilis | 20 | 0.6 | 29 | n.t. | n.t. |
M. flavus | 10 | 4.5 | 31 | n.t. | n.t. |
S. aureus | 30 | 0.3 | 28 | 23 | n.t. |
Gram-Negative Bacteria | |||||
E. coli | 15 | 1.2 | n.t. | 15 | n.t. |
P. aeruginosa | 8 | n.t. | n.t. | 18 | n.t. |
Fungi Strains | |||||
C. albicans | 20 | 0.6 | n.t. | n.t. | 25 |
C. maltosa | 15 | n.t. | n.t. | n.t. | 25 |
Test Probe | Radical Scavenging Activity (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concentration | 10 μg/mL | 50 μg/mL | 100 μg/mL | 500 μg/mL | 1000 μg/mL |
Volatile oil | 28.9 | 56.89 | 70.43 | 85.6 | 90.94 |
Ascorbic acid | 48.5 | 89.5 | 95.8 | 96.1 | 96.2 |
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Al-Fatimi, M.; Wurster, M.; Lindequist, U. Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Volatile Oil of Ganoderma pfeifferi Bres. Medicines 2016, 3, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines3020010
Al-Fatimi M, Wurster M, Lindequist U. Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Volatile Oil of Ganoderma pfeifferi Bres. Medicines. 2016; 3(2):10. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines3020010
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Fatimi, Mohamed, Martina Wurster, and Ulrike Lindequist. 2016. "Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Volatile Oil of Ganoderma pfeifferi Bres" Medicines 3, no. 2: 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines3020010
APA StyleAl-Fatimi, M., Wurster, M., & Lindequist, U. (2016). Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Volatile Oil of Ganoderma pfeifferi Bres. Medicines, 3(2), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines3020010