Insecticide Exposure and Risk of Asthmatic Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Searching Strategy
2.2. Inclusion Criteria
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Quality Assessment
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Search Study
3.2. Study Characteristics
3.3. Insecticide Exposure and Possible Risk of Asthmatic Symptoms
3.4. Meta-Analysis of Exposure to Insecticides and Asthma Disease
3.5. Funnel Plot
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors (Years)/ Country | Study Design | Age Mean ± SD (Years) | Gender | Sample Size | Length of Work | Diagnosis of Asthma | Name of Chemical | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | Confounding Variables |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senthilselvan et al. (1992)/Canada [18] | Cross-sectional | 45.2 ± 15.6 | Both genders | 2375 | - | Self-report | Phosphorodithioates | 1.3(0.8–2.1) | Age, height, weight, smoking pack-years |
Faria et al. (2005)/Brazil [17] | Cross-sectional | 42 ± 15.6 | Both genders | 1379 | - | Self-report | Organophosphates | 0.86(0.56–1.33) | Sex, age, schooling, marital status, smoking, socioeconomic indicators, agricultural production, exposure to dust, industrial rations, years of chemical exposure |
Hoppin et al. (2009)/USA [19] | Cohort | - | Male | 19,704 | ≥31 years | Use genitive in doctor’s diagnosis | Chlorpyrifos Coumaphos Diazinon Dichlorvos Fonofos Malathion Parathion Phorate Terbufos | 1.26(0.89–1.80) 2.34(1.49–3.70) 1.57(1.05–2.35) 1.47(0.90–2.39) 1.43(0.95–2.16) 1.08(0.74–1.59) 2.05(1.21–3.46) 1.23(0.84–1.81) 1.05(0.72–1.53) | Age, smoking, state, high pesticide exposure events, and BMI |
Cherry et al. (2018)/ Canada [20] | Cohort | - | Male | 10,767 | 0–≥35 years | Self-report | Organophosphates | 1.21(0.79–1.85) | Sex, age, smoking, work state now, exposure to pesticide in last month, ever had symptoms of pesticide poisoning, doctor has said you have allergies, doctor has said you have asthma |
Patel et al. (2018)/USA [21] | Cross-sectional | - | Both gender | 11,210 | - | Self-report | Organophosphates | 1.3(0.7–2.5) | Sex and region |
Authors (Years)/ Country | Study Design | Age (Mean ± SD) (Years) | Gender | Sample Size | Length of Work | Diagnosis of Asthma | Name of Chemical | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | Confounding Variables |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senthilselvan et al. (1992)/Canada [18] | Cross-sectional | 45.2 ± 15.6 | Both genders | 2375 | - | Self-report | Carbamates | 1.8(1.1–3.1) | Age, height, weight, pack-years |
Hoppin et al. (2009)/USA [19] | Cohort | - | Male | 19,704 | ≥31 years | Use genitive in doctor’s diagnosis | Aldicarb Carbaryl Carbofuran | 0.79(0.35–1.79) 1.26(0.85–1.85) 1.10(0.75–1.61) | Age, smoking, state, high pesticide exposure events, and BMI |
Cherry et al. (2018)/ Canada [20] | Cohort | - | Male | 10,767 | 0- ≥35 years | Self-report | Carbamates | 0.99(0.55–1.77) | Sex, age, smoking, work state now, exposure to pesticide in last month, ever had symptoms of pesticide poisoning, doctor has said you have allergies, doctor has said you have asthma |
Patel et al. (2018)/USA [21] | Cross-sectional | - | Both gender | 11,210 | - | Self-report | Carbamates Carbaryl | 2.3(1.4–3.7) 2.3(1.4–3.7) | Sex and region |
Authors (Years)/ Country | Study Design | Age (Mean ± SD) (Years) | Gender | Sample Size | Length of Work | Diagnosis of Asthma | Name of Chemical | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | Confounding Variables |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senthilselvan et al. (1992)/Canada [18] | Cross-sectional | 45.2 ± 15.6 | Both genders | 2375 | - | Self-report | Chlorinated hydrocarbons | 0.8(0.5–1.3) | Age, height, weight, pack-years |
Hoppin et al. (2009)/USA [19] | Cohort | - | Male | 19,704 | ≥31 years | Use genitive in doctor’s diagnosis | Aldrin Chlordane DDT Dieldrin Heptachlor Lindane Toxaphene | 1.19(0.77–1.86) 1.77(1.19–2.63) 1.42(0.93–2.17) 1.47(0.75–2.90) 2.01(1.30–3.11) 1.57(1.01–2.41) 1.06(0.63–1.78) | Age, smoking, state, high pesticide exposure events, and BMI |
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Chittrakul, J.; Sapbamrer, R.; Sirikul, W. Insecticide Exposure and Risk of Asthmatic Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Toxics 2021, 9, 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9090228
Chittrakul J, Sapbamrer R, Sirikul W. Insecticide Exposure and Risk of Asthmatic Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Toxics. 2021; 9(9):228. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9090228
Chicago/Turabian StyleChittrakul, Jiraporn, Ratana Sapbamrer, and Wachiranun Sirikul. 2021. "Insecticide Exposure and Risk of Asthmatic Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Toxics 9, no. 9: 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9090228
APA StyleChittrakul, J., Sapbamrer, R., & Sirikul, W. (2021). Insecticide Exposure and Risk of Asthmatic Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Toxics, 9(9), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9090228