Influence of Vegetarian Dietary Intervention on Urinary Paraben Concentrations: A Pilot Study with ‘Temple Stay’ Participants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Sample Collection
2.2. Laboratory Analyses
2.3. Estimation of Daily Intake of Parabens
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Urinary Concentrations of Parabens and Benzophenones
3.2. Estimated Daily Intake of Parabens
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical | Value | Total | Male (n = 16) | Female (n = 9) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | Before | After | Before | After | ||
MeP | DF | 96.0 | 92.0 | 100 | 93.8 | 88.9 | 88.9 |
GM | 84.9 | 109 | 51.2 | 53.7 | 208 | 384 | |
P50 | 103 | 231 | 44.2 | 104 | 481 | 1270 | |
P95 | 1072 | 1962 | 551 | 580 | 1248 | 2350 | |
EtP | DF | 96.0 | 92.0 | 100 | 93.8 | 88.9 | 88.9 |
GM | 14.0 | 105 | 14.7 | 122 | 12.9 | 81.3 | |
P50 | 21.3 | 154 | 20.1 | 176 ** | 42.9 | 130 * | |
P95 | 323 | 410 | 321 | 400 | 240 | 379 | |
PrP | DF | 96.0 | 88.0 | 100 | 87.5 | 88.9 | 88.9 |
GM | 11.0 | 21.1 | 4.3 | 7.5 | 58.9 | 133.2 | |
P50 | 9.80 | 51.2 | 3.30 | 20.9 | 120 | 359 | |
P95 | 573 | 838 | 27.1 | 127 | 678 | 893 | |
BuP | DF | 96.0 | 92.0 | 100 | 93.8 | 88.9 | 88.9 |
GM | 4.71 | 2.06 | 3.60 | 1.03 | 7.57 | 7.11 | |
P50 | 6.40 | 1.10 | 3.90 | 1.10 * | 20.4 | 15.0 | |
P95 | 86.3 | 89.8 | 64.7 | 4.80 | 93.9 | 164 | |
BP-1 | DF | 96.0 | 96.0 | 100 | 93.8 | 88.9 | 100 |
GM | 4.12 | 5.74 | 2.60 | 3.78 | 9.34 | 12.1 | |
P50 | 2.58 | 5.64 | 1.58 | 3.81 | 9.52 | 10.5 | |
P95 | 47.7 | 33.7 | 32.8 | 17.4 | 1349 | 114 | |
BP-3 | DF | 96.0 | 96.0 | 100 | 93.8 | 88.9 | 100 |
GM | 7.51 | 6.47 | 5.38 | 6.19 | 13.57 | 6.99 | |
P50 | 6.00 | 7.30 | 5.14 | 7.23 | 12.5 | 7.65 | |
P95 | 58.5 | 24.1 | 48.8 | 16.7 | 685 | 22.8 | |
MeP | DF | 96.0 | 92.0 | 100 | 93.8 | 88.9 | 88.9 |
GM | 52.7 | 54.5 | 30.4 | 25.9 | 140 | 205 | |
P50 | 67.8 | 85.6 | 23.9 | 75.7 | 243 | 560 | |
P95 | 604 | 858 | 347 | 248 | 964 | 1218 | |
EtP | DF | 96.0 | 92.0 | 100 | 93.8 | 88.9 | 88.9 |
GM | 8.72 | 52.6 | 8.73 | 58.6 | 8.70 | 43.5 | |
P50 | 12.1 | 85.1 | 11.2 | 90.6 * | 17.4 | 85.1 | |
P95 | 180 | 204 | 173.4 | 171 | 149 | 314 | |
PrP | DF | 96.0 | 88.0 | 100 | 87.5 | 88.9 | 88.9 |
GM | 6.83 | 10.5 | 2.54 | 3.59 | 39.7 | 72.3 | |
P50 | 7.80 | 21.1 | 1.80 | 9.40 | 67.1 | 131 | |
P95 | 321 | 350 | 12.0 | 61.0 | 507 | 551 | |
BuP | DF | 96.0 | 92.0 | 100 | 93.8 | 88.9 | 88.9 |
GM | 2.93 | 1.03 | 2.14 | 0.49 | 5.10 | 3.80 | |
P50 | 4.20 | 0.50 | 2.40 | 0.40 * | 10.3 | 5.10 | |
P95 | 55.7 | 26.5 | 25.5 | 2.70 | 61.5 | 104 | |
BP-1 | DF | 96.0 | 96.0 | 100 | 93.8 | 88.9 | 100 |
GM | 2.56 | 2.87 | 1.54 | 1.82 | 6.29 | 6.44 | |
P50 | 1.50 | 2.37 | 0.89 | 1.46 | 5.08 | 5.51 | |
P95 | 21.5 | 14.3 | 10.4 | 9.07 | 653 | 78.6 | |
BP-3 | DF | 96.0 | 96.0 | 100 | 93.8 | 88.9 | 100 |
GM | 4.67 | 3.23 | 3.20 | 2.98 | 9.14 | 3.74 | |
P50 | 5.20 | 2.70 | 2.64 | 3.18 | 7.58 | 2.63 | |
P95 | 16.2 | 8.46 | 14.3 | 7.01 | 333 | 14.0 |
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Jo, A.; Kim, S.; Ji, K.; Kho, Y.; Choi, K. Influence of Vegetarian Dietary Intervention on Urinary Paraben Concentrations: A Pilot Study with ‘Temple Stay’ Participants. Toxics 2020, 8, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics8010003
Jo A, Kim S, Ji K, Kho Y, Choi K. Influence of Vegetarian Dietary Intervention on Urinary Paraben Concentrations: A Pilot Study with ‘Temple Stay’ Participants. Toxics. 2020; 8(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics8010003
Chicago/Turabian StyleJo, Areum, Sunmi Kim, Kyunghee Ji, Younglim Kho, and Kyungho Choi. 2020. "Influence of Vegetarian Dietary Intervention on Urinary Paraben Concentrations: A Pilot Study with ‘Temple Stay’ Participants" Toxics 8, no. 1: 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics8010003