Water Quality Criteria of Dieldrin for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Wildlife Using a Tissue Residue Approach
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Toxicity Data Screening
2.2. Derivation of Tissue-Based Criteria
2.3. Obtaining the WQC for Dieldrin
2.4. Ecological Risk Assessment
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. WQC for the Protection of Aquatic Life
Species | Common Name | NOEC (mg/kg, WW *) | Taxa | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Palaemonetes pugio | Grass shrimp | 0.09 | Crustaceans | [50] |
Micropterus salmoides | Largemouth bass | 1.01 | Fishes | [51] |
Ictalurus punctatus | Channel catfish | 2 | Fishes | [52] |
Lepomis macrochirus | Bluegill | 3.7 | Fishes | [53] |
Carassius auratus | Goldfish | 3.8 | Fishes | [53] |
Poecilia reticulata | Guppy | 10.7 | Fishes | [54] |
Cyprinodon variegatus | Sheepshead minnow | 12.8 | Fishes | [50] |
Crassostrea virginica | Eastern oyster | 18.6 | Mollusks | [55] |
Morone saxatilis | Striped bass | 25 | Fishes | [56] |
Gambusia affinis | Mosquito fish | 28 | Fishes | [57] |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | Rainbow trout | 43 | Fishes | [58] |
Leuciscus idus | Golden ide | 151 | Fishes | [59] |
3.2. WQC for Protection of Aquatic-Dependent Wildlife
3.3. Risk Assessment
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Common Name | NOEC (mg/kg bw/day, WW) * | Taxa | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tyto alba | Barn owl | 0.0445 | Avian | [64] |
Numida meleagris | Crowned guinea fowl | 0.0537 | Avian | [65] |
Phasianus colchicus | Ring-necked pheasant | 0.26 | Avian | [66] |
Colinus virginianus | Bobwhite quail | 0.27 | Avian | [67] |
Streptopelia risoria | Ring dove | 0.331 | Avian | [68] |
Coturnix japonica | Japanese quail | 0.852 | Avian | [69] |
Phasianus colchicus | Pheasant | 0.905 | Avian | [70] |
Coturnix coturnix | Quail | 1.36 | Avian | [71] |
Columba livia | Homing pigeon | 2 | Avian | [72] |
Anas platyrhynchos | Mallard | 2.21 | Avian | [73] |
Gallus domesticus | Chicken | 10 | Avian | [74] |
Canis familiaris | Dog | 0.05 | Mammalian | [75] |
Mus musculus | Mouse | 0.133 | Mammalian | [76] |
Damaliscus pygargus | Blesbuk | 0.449 | Mammalian | [77] |
Odocoileus virginianus | White-tailed deer | 0.72 | Mammalian | [78] |
Rattus novegicus | Rat | 0.81 | Mammalian | [75] |
Ovis aries | Sheep | 0.87 | Mammalian | [79] |
Peromyscus leucopus | White-footed mouse | 1.14 | Mammalian | [80] |
Sus scrofa | Pig | 1.20 | Mammalian | [81] |
Oryctolagus cuniculus | Rabbit | 1.25 | Mammalian | [82] |
Cavia porcellus | Guinea pig | 1.76 | Mammalian | [83] |
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Xie, L.; Li, X.; Bao, L.; Zhang, Y.; Su, H.; Liu, X.; Wang, F.; Wei, Y.; Ji, N.; Zhou, M. Water Quality Criteria of Dieldrin for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Wildlife Using a Tissue Residue Approach. Toxics 2025, 13, 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030173
Xie L, Li X, Bao L, Zhang Y, Su H, Liu X, Wang F, Wei Y, Ji N, Zhou M. Water Quality Criteria of Dieldrin for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Wildlife Using a Tissue Residue Approach. Toxics. 2025; 13(3):173. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030173
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Li, Xuemei Li, Liangwen Bao, Yuexin Zhang, Hailei Su, Xuesong Liu, Fanfan Wang, Yuan Wei, Ningning Ji, and Min Zhou. 2025. "Water Quality Criteria of Dieldrin for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Wildlife Using a Tissue Residue Approach" Toxics 13, no. 3: 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030173
APA StyleXie, L., Li, X., Bao, L., Zhang, Y., Su, H., Liu, X., Wang, F., Wei, Y., Ji, N., & Zhou, M. (2025). Water Quality Criteria of Dieldrin for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Wildlife Using a Tissue Residue Approach. Toxics, 13(3), 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030173