The Effects of Ambient Temperature and Atmospheric Humidity on the Diffusion Dynamics of Hydrogen Fluoride Gas Leakage Based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Governing Equation of CFD Model
2.2. Modeling and Verification
2.2.1. Scaling Experiment
2.2.2. Model Validation
3. Simulation Application Background
3.1. Classification of Hazardous Areas
3.2. Actual Environmental Conditions and Boundary Conditions
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Patterns of Change in Hazardous Areas at Different Ambient Temperatures
4.2. Patterns of Change in Hazardous Areas at Different Ambient Relative Humidities
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Level | Wind Speed (m/s) | Model Wind Speed (m/s) |
---|---|---|
0 | 0 ≤ Ur ≤ 0.2 | 0 ≤ Um ≤ 0.043 |
1 | 0.2 < Ur ≤ 1.5 | 0.043 < Um ≤ 0.32 |
2 | 1.5 < Ur ≤ 3.3 | 0.32 < Um ≤ 0.71 |
3 | 3.3 < Ur ≤ 5.4 | 0.71 < Um ≤ 1.2 |
Name of Substance | HF | CO2 |
---|---|---|
Boiling/K | 292.66 | 216.15 |
Melting point/K | 189.78 | 194.65 |
Relative Vapor Density(ρair = 1, 299.65 K) | 1.7 | 1.5 |
Solubility in water | soluble | soluble |
Vapor pressure (298.15 K)/mmHg | 25 | 4.19 × 10−5 |
Stickiness(1–100 kPa, 273.15 K)/mPa·S | 1.14 × 10−2 | 6.4 × 10−2 |
Toxicity level | 4 | / |
Tank Pressure (MPa) | Leakage Source Diameter (m) | HF Density (kg/m3) | Air Density (kg/m3) | Leakage Source Intensity (kg/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 0.02 | 2.2 | 1.29 | 0.18 |
Environmental Temperature /K | Size of Lethal Area/m2 | Size of Severe Injury Area/m2 | Size of Light Injury Area/m2 | Size of MAC Area/m2 | Size of Total Hazardous Area/m2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
293 | 15,679.43 | 6603.2 | 1317.87 | 3635.18 | 27,235.68 |
298 | 15,792.01 | 6762.57 | 1312.78 | 3606.17 | 27,473.53 |
303 | 15,907 | 6920.88 | 1337.95 | 3757.85 | 27,923.68 |
308 | 16,016.22 | 7098.02 | 1356.97 | 3902.23 | 28,373.44 |
313 | 16,167.52 | 7279.58 | 1373.3 | 4110.3 | 28,930.70 |
Atmospheric Humidity/% | Size of Lethal Area/m2 | Size of Severe Injury Area/m2 | Size of Light Injury Area/m2 | Size of MAC Area/m2 | Size of Total Hazardous Area/m2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 15,792.01 | 6762.57 | 1312.78 | 3606.17 | 27,473.53 |
20 | 15,590.19 | 6731.74 | 1376.47 | 3889.93 | 27,588.33 |
40 | 14,682.11 | 6409.93 | 1554.76 | 4467.84 | 27,114.64 |
60 | 13,288.35 | 6470.93 | 1505.1 | 5759.3 | 27,023.68 |
80 | 11,565.67 | 6392.83 | 1448.52 | 6510.89 | 25,917.91 |
100 | 10,154.04 | 6648.83 | 1670.52 | 7630.59 | 26,103.98 |
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Zhou, Z.; Liu, Y.; Jiang, H.; Bai, Z.; Sun, L.; Liu, J.; Zhao, W. The Effects of Ambient Temperature and Atmospheric Humidity on the Diffusion Dynamics of Hydrogen Fluoride Gas Leakage Based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics Method. Toxics 2024, 12, 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12030184
Zhou Z, Liu Y, Jiang H, Bai Z, Sun L, Liu J, Zhao W. The Effects of Ambient Temperature and Atmospheric Humidity on the Diffusion Dynamics of Hydrogen Fluoride Gas Leakage Based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics Method. Toxics. 2024; 12(3):184. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12030184
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Zhengqing, Yuzhe Liu, Huiling Jiang, Zhiming Bai, Lingxia Sun, Jia Liu, and Wenwen Zhao. 2024. "The Effects of Ambient Temperature and Atmospheric Humidity on the Diffusion Dynamics of Hydrogen Fluoride Gas Leakage Based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics Method" Toxics 12, no. 3: 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12030184