Rapid Assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Migration from Consumer PVC Products
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents and Materials
2.2. Preparation of Standard PVC Film
2.3. Migration of DEHP from PVC Films into Liquids
2.4. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
2.5. Calibration Curve of DEHP for HPLC
2.6. Cell Culture and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stimulant | Exposure Temperature (°C) | Exposure Time | Concentration (ppm) |
---|---|---|---|
distilled water | −20 | 4 weeks | ND a |
4 | 4 weeks | ND | |
25 | 4 weeks | ND | |
37 | 4 weeks | ND | |
121 b | 30 min | ND | |
PBS | −20 | 4 weeks | ND |
4 | 4 weeks | ND | |
25 | 4 weeks | ND | |
37 | 4 weeks | ND | |
121 | 30 min | ND | |
pH 1 | −20 | 4 weeks | ND |
4 | 4 weeks | ND | |
25 | 4 weeks | ND | |
37 | 4 weeks | ND | |
121 | 30 min | ND | |
pH 13 | −20 | 4 weeks | ND |
4 | 4 weeks | ND | |
25 | 4 weeks | ND | |
37 | 4 weeks | ND | |
121 | 30 min | ND |
Stimulant | Exposure Temperature (°C) | Exposure Time | Concentration (ppm) |
---|---|---|---|
90% ethanol | 37 | 24 h | ND a |
37 | 72 h | 4.17 | |
37 | 1 week | 11.8 | |
121 b | 30 min | 11.3 | |
M c | 15 s | 12.1 | |
100% ethanol | 37 | 24 h | ND |
37 | 72 h | 11.5 | |
olive oil | 37 | 24 h | ND |
37 | 72 h | ND | |
37 | 1 week | ND | |
121 b | 30 min | 0.35 | |
M c | 15 s | 0.37 | |
acetone | 37 | 24 h | 69.0 |
Stimulant | Condition | Distilled Water | pH 1 | pH 13 | Olive Oil | Ethanol (90%) | Acetone | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Product | ||||||||
protective sheet | 37 °C, 24 h | ND b | ND | ND | 11261 | 1022 | 34,156 c | |
M a, 15 s | ND | ND | 18.1 | 33,885 | 10,429 | 15,386 c | ||
cover roll | 37 °C, 24 h | ND | ND | ND | 9294 | 8648 | 26,878 c | |
M, 15 s | ND | ND | ND | 18,398 | 32,824 | 12,636 c | ||
adhesive sheet | 37 °C, 24 h | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.3 | |
M, 15 s | ND | ND | ND | 4.8 | 9.7 | 10.3 | ||
hand warmer | 37 °C, 24 h | ND | ND | ND | 1239 | 927 | 3028 c | |
M, 15 s | ND | ND | ND | 1528 | 1402 | 8735 c |
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Share and Cite
An, J.; Roh, H.-H.; Jeong, H.; Lee, K.-Y.; Rhim, T. Rapid Assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Migration from Consumer PVC Products. Toxics 2024, 12, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010007
An J, Roh H-H, Jeong H, Lee K-Y, Rhim T. Rapid Assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Migration from Consumer PVC Products. Toxics. 2024; 12(1):7. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010007
Chicago/Turabian StyleAn, Jiwon, Hyun-Ho Roh, Haeyoon Jeong, Kuen-Yong Lee, and Taiyoun Rhim. 2024. "Rapid Assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Migration from Consumer PVC Products" Toxics 12, no. 1: 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010007